New Indo-Aryan associative plural markers derived from Old Indo-Aryan apara ‘other’ and their further grammaticalization

Abstract

The paper deals with associative plurals in New Indo-Aryan languages, which are derived from the Old Indo- Aryan apara ‘other’. These markers are found in a large number of NIA languages, but in many of these languages they underwent further grammaticalization into other grammatical units, such as honorific particle, standard plural marker, definiteness marker, marker of inalienable possession etc. Among the factors which underlie this grammatical development, contacts with non-Indo-Aryan languages play a significant role.

Named Entity Recognition of Kumauni Language using Machine Learning (ML)

“…Renkovskaya E. (2020) [30] emphasized that the focus of the article is on the apara-derived associative plurals seen in modern IA languages. The grammaticalization of these markers into other grammatical units, such as honorific particles, standard plural markers, definiteness markers, inalienable ownership markers, etc., is common throughout NIA languages.…”

“…This study indicates that the Kumaoni language learning tool could be utilized to make chatbots more efficient in usage at once, which would ultimately aid in preventing the extinction of the language. Renkovskaya E. (2020) [30] Machine Learning…”