New Insights into Optimizing Perforation Clean Up and Enhancing Productivity with Zinc-Case Shaped Charges

Satti, Rajani; White, Ryan M.; Ochsner, Darren; Osarumwense, O.; Zuklic, Stephen; Sampson, Tim

doi:10.2118/178935-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Badania pokazały, że drobny charakter odpadów powstałych poprzez zastosowanie ładunków cynkowych sprawia, że są one znacznie lepsze od ładunków stalowych, jeśli chodzi o możliwość usunięcia pozostałości ładunków z otworu wiertniczego. Badania z wykorzystaniem cynkowej obudowy ładunku kumulacyjnego przedstawili również Satti et al (2016), opisując przeprowadzone przez siebie badania porównawcze w laboratorium przepływów pomiędzy ładunkami kumulacyjnymi z obudowami cynkowymi oraz stalowymi. Wyniki eksperymentów pokazały, że średnia głębokość penetracji przy zastosowaniu ładunków z obudową stalową była nieco wyższa niż przy zastosowaniu ładunków z obudową cynkową.…”

Section: Przegląd Literatury W Zakresie Konstrukcji łAdunków Kumulacy...unclassified

Badania porównawcze liniowych ładunków kumulacyjnych

Habera

Badawczy

Hebda³

2021

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The fireground tests are the best method for verifying the operation effectiveness of the entire shooting device or its component parts in real conditions. The purpose of the fireground tests presented herein was the physical verification of linear shaped charge (LSC) ability to perforate multi-layered target, reflecting the material and geometrical conditions of a borehole. The series of shooting tests included tests of three types of linear shaped charges selected for use in perfo-fracturing devices. The following shaped charges were tested: LSC in lead enclosure, having φ = 40 mm circular cross-section with shaped recess; LSC with copper liner in 20/30 mm steel trapezoid enclosure; LSC with liner made of solid copper, in 20/40 mm steel trapezoidal enclosure.During testing, the cumulative jet velocity was recorded using voltage type probes, arranged between the individual layers of a target composed of steel and concrete materials. The research method adapted for the project purposes was aimed at verification of the following thesis: whether the proposed shaped charges fulfil the technical and performance conditions for their effective application in the oil industry. The criterion adopted was the ability – or lack of ability – to perforate the multi-layered barrier in the form of two steel plates and concrete casting. The testing stand, single-use by its nature, was each time composed of concrete block having 400 mm ´ 250 mm ´ 150 mm dimensions and 20 MPa static compressive strength, on which two steel plates were placed parallel to each other with 20 mm spacing. The thickness of the plates was 5 mm and 10 mm respectively. The tested shaped charge was placed on the top steel plate at a distance of one calibre – that is the distance equal to the opening of the trapezoidal shaped charge and full diameter of circular cross-section charge. Furthermore, within media interface planes (steel/air, air/steel; steel/concrete), the set of voltage-type measuring probes was installed, in the form of single electric wires (φ = 0.25 mm). At an instant when they break (circuit break) as a result of cumulative jet operation, voltage drop in the subsequent measuring probes will act as a logical gate of start-stop type, or in other words the zero-one (0–1) type gate. The readings of individual probes breakage times allowed in addition to determine the velocity of the cumulative jet and to estimate its braking dynamics while passing through the subsequent elements of multi-layered target.

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Section: Przegląd Literatury W Zakresie Konstrukcji łAdunków Kumulacy...unclassified

Badania porównawcze liniowych ładunków kumulacyjnych

Habera

Badawczy

Hebda³

2021

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“…Several studies have used computational analysis, due to a lack of experimental data, to explore a number of different challenges, such as isolating the competing effects of debris cleanup and dealing with the heterogeneity that often characterizes analog cores. One of the research teams who used the computational approach is Satti et al [7][8][9]; they proposed a 3-D flow model to determine flow impediments based on characteristics of perforation damage, debris and blockages, and tunnel geometry. The authors used the latest micro-CT methods as well as simulations to determine the most viable cleanup strategies for optimal productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Crushed-Zone Skin Factor for Cased and Perforated Wells Calculated with and without including a Tip-Crushed Zone Effect

et al. 2021

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A number of different factors can affect flow performance in perforated completions, such as perforation density, perforation damage, and tunnel geometry. In perforation damage, any compaction at the perforation tunnels will lead to reduced permeability, more significant pressure drop, and lower productivity of the reservoir. The reduced permeability of the crushed zone around the perforation can be formulated as a crushed-zone skin factor. For reservoir flow, earlier research studies show how crushed (compacted) zones cause heightened resistance in radially converging vertical and horizontal flow entering perforations. However, the effects related to crushed zones on the total skin factor are still a moot point, especially for horizontal flows in perforations. Therefore, the present study will look into the varied effects occurring in the crushed zone in relation to the vertical and horizontal flows. The experimental test was carried out using a geotechnical radial flow set-up to measure the differential pressure in the perforation tunnel with a crushed zone. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used for simulating pressure gradient in a cylindrical perforation tunnel. The single-phase water was radially injected into the core sample with the same flow boundary conditions in the experimental and numerical procedures. In this work, two crushed zone configuration scenarios were applied in conjunction with different perforation parameters, perforation length, crushed zone radius, and crushed zone permeability. In the initial scenario, the crushed zone is assumed to be located at the perforation tunnel’s side only, while in the second scenario, the crushed zone is assumed to be located at a side and the tip of perforation (a tip-crushed zone). The simulated results indicate a good comparison with regard to the two scenarios’ pressure gradients. Furthermore, the simulations’ comparison reveals another pressure drop caused by the tip crushed zone related to the horizontal or plane flow in the perforations. The differences between the two simulations’ results show that currently available models for estimating the skin factor for vertical perforated completions need to be improved based on which of the two cases is closer to reality. This study has presented a better understanding of crushed zone characteristics by employing a different approach to the composition and shape of the crushed zone and permeability reduction levels for the crushed zone in the axial direction of the perforation.

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Implementing a Scientific Perspective and a Pragmatic Approach to Optimizing Perforated Completions

Zuklic

Satti

Myers

et al. 2017

SPE Middle East Oil &Amp; Gas Show and Conference

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A truly optimized completion requires a wide range of understanding and activities. Starting with a thorough understanding of the reservoir, each completion element must be fully addressed from connecting to the reservoir, to enhancing the reservoir through proper treatments, to conducting hydrocarbons to surface for optimal efficiency. By considering the cause-and-effect interactions between these activities, each individual process can be designed and performed better, ultimately delivering the best overall solution. This overarching philosophy is also fully applicable to perforated completions. Providing a perforating solution that is truly optimized for the reservoir is challenging, requiring advanced laboratory testing capabilities, reservoir specific products and systems, robust analysis and modeling tools, and a thorough process to insure solutions are designed, executed, and reviewed for continuous improvement and optimization. Recent advances in in-situ perforation testing techniques provide significant insights into dynamic events during perforating as well as enabling more reservoir specific equipment designs. Furthermore, state-of-the-art computational models complement testing methods by correlating dynamic perforating events and inflow analysis to actual productivity. Numeric modeling techniques also allow results from lab testing to be better translated into field scale environments. And finally, rigorous procedures can be followed to practice this process across a wide variety of completion types to provide well optimized perforated completions. This study will detail the techniques used to employ the philosophy, and multiple case histories of such applications with results and lessons learned. In these cases, a comprehensive consideration of the overall completion was critical in optimizing the perforating process. The use of laboratory testing, customized products and systems, integrated modeling and analysis tools, and a disciplined process have led to the successful application of this scientifically engineered philosophy. This unique perforating philosophy is also aimed towards integration with other completion methods like hydraulic fracturing & stimulation, sand control and management and above all, enhancing reservoir productivity.

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New Insights into Optimizing Perforation Clean Up and Enhancing Productivity with Zinc-Case Shaped Charges

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Badania porównawcze liniowych ładunków kumulacyjnych

Badania porównawcze liniowych ładunków kumulacyjnych

Comparison of Crushed-Zone Skin Factor for Cased and Perforated Wells Calculated with and without including a Tip-Crushed Zone Effect

Implementing a Scientific Perspective and a Pragmatic Approach to Optimizing Perforated Completions

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