New Insights into the Brill Transition in Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 6

Pépin, Julie; Miri, V.; Lefebvre, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01701

Cited by 111 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The fourth possibility is related to the polymorphism of PA 6 . It has been outlined in the introduction that crystals and mesophase develop at temperatures higher and lower than about 150 °C, respectively, and forming simultaneously in a broad temperature range between 60 and 180 °C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth possibility is related to the polymorphism of PA 6. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][64][65][66][67][68][69] It has been outlined in the introduction that crystals and mesophase develop at temperatures higher and lower than about 150 8C, respectively, and forming simultaneously in a broad temperature range between 60 and 180 8C. 33 It has been suggested by Titomanlio that formation of these polymorphs obeys different kinetics and that the temperatures of the maximum growth rate of alpha-crystals and of mesophase are 148 and 125 8C, respectively.…”

Section: Assignment Of Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two crystal populations with different melting/reorganization kinetics of isothermally crystallized polyamide 6

Furushima

Nakada

Ishikiriyama

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.

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Differential scanning calorimetry and fast scanning chip calorimetry heating experiments were carried out in a wide range of rates of temperature change from 0.2 to 60,000 K s−1 for isothermally crystallized polyamide 6. Multiple melting peaks were observed. With increasing heating rate, the highest‐temperature endotherm shifts toward lower temperatures and finally disappears due to suppression of the reorganization. The critical heating rate to suppress reorganization was 15–50 times higher than the critical cooling rate to cause complete vitrification. On heating at rates higher than the critical heating rate to suppress reorganization, there were observed two melting processes of different kinetics. Four possible assignments were considered regarding the two crystal populations. These are (i) crystals grown during primary and secondary crystallization, (ii) crystals grown in the bulk and nucleated at the surface/substrate, (iii) crystals, which are subjected to different local stress originating from heterogeneities in interlamellar regions, and (iv) the crystal/mesophase polymorphism. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2126–2138

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assignment Of Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two crystal populations with different melting/reorganization kinetics of isothermally crystallized polyamide 6

Furushima

Nakada

Ishikiriyama

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.

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“…temperature, a melt-quenched film with pseudo-hexagonal d 0 -phase typically showed broader reflection peak at 2y B 21.61 corresponding to (hk0) plane, which is merged planes of (100), (010), and (110). 44 However, without assisted gas-flow, Nylon-11 nanowires displayed a relatively strong peak at 2y = 22.61 with a very weak d 0 -phase peak (2y = 21.61) ( Fig. 2a).…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the recent work of Pepin et al, we identify the d 0 -phase in our Nylon-11 nanowires which has the required polar characteristics. 44 (see ESI, † S1). The crystalline phase corresponding to the 22.61 peak is less straightforward to identify as it has not been reported in the literature, though a possible explanation may be that this peak corresponds to the (210/010) plane of triclinic a 0 phase.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

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A triboelectric generator based on self-poled Nylon-11 nanowires fabricated by gas-flow assisted template wetting

Choi

Jing

Datta

et al. 2017

Energy Environ. Sci.

103

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Triboelectric generators have emerged as potential candidates for mechanical energy harvesting, relying on motion-generated surface charge transfer between materials with different electron affinities. In this regard, synthetic organic materials with strong electron-donating tendencies are far less common than their electron-accepting counterparts. Nylons are notable exceptions, with odd-numbered Nylons such as Nylon-11, exhibiting electric polarisation that could further enhance the surface charge density crucial to triboelectric generator performance. However, the fabrication of Nylon-11 in the required polarised d 0 -phase typically requires extremely rapid crystallisation, such as melt-quenching, as well as ''poling'' via mechanical stretching and/or large electric fields for dipolar alignment. Here, we propose an alternative one-step, near room-temperature fabrication method, namely gas-flow assisted nano-template (GANT) infiltration, by which highly crystalline ''self-poled'' d 0 -phase Nylon-11 nanowires are grown from solution within nanoporous anodised aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. Our gas-flow assisted method allows for controlled crystallisation of the d 0 -phase of Nylon-11 through rapid solvent evaporation and an artificially generated extreme temperature gradient within the nanopores of the AAO template, as accurately predicted by finite-element simulations. Furthermore, preferential crystal orientation originating from template-induced nano-confinement effects leads to self-poled d 0 -phase Nylon-11 nanowires with higher surface charge distribution than melt-quenched Nylon-11 films, as observed by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Correspondingly, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device based on as-grown templated Nylon-11 nanowires fabricated via GANT infiltration showed a ten-fold increase in output power density as compared to an aluminium-based triboelectric generator, when subjected to identical mechanical excitations. Broader contextEnergy harvesting from ubiquitous ambient vibrations represents a viable energy solution for the rapidly increasing number of low-power autonomous, wireless, portable and wearable electronic devices. Triboelectric generators have recently generated tremendous interest in this regard as they are capable of converting mechanical energy from the relative motion of two dissimilar materials into useful electricity, based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction arising from the materials having different electron affinities. In order to achieve high levels of energy harvesting performance, materials with electron-donating tendencies must be paired with those with electron-accepting tendencies. The bulk of the literature focuses on the latter, as these typically include materials that are easier to synthesise. Nylon-11 belongs to the less-explored family of synthetic and organic electron-donating materials, although the crystalline phase required for superior triboelectric performance has remained elusive in the bulk due to the typically harsh p...

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Advanced Materials for Energy Harvesting and Soft Robotics: Emerging Frontiers to Enhance Piezoelectric Performance and Functionality

Persano,

Camposeo,

Matino

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Piezoelectric energy harvesting captures mechanical energy from a number of sources, such as vibrations, the movement of objects and bodies, impact events, and fluid flow to generate electric power. Such power can be employed to support wireless communication, electronic components, ocean monitoring, tissue engineering, and biomedical devices. A variety of self‐powered piezoelectric sensors, transducers, and actuators have been produced for these applications, however approaches to enhance the piezoelectric properties of materials to increase device performance remain a challenging frontier of materials research. In this regard, the intrinsic polarization and properties of materials can be designed or deliberately engineered to enhance the piezo‐generated power. This review provides insights into the mechanisms of piezoelectricity in advanced materials, including perovskites, active polymers, and natural biomaterials, with a focus on the chemical and physical strategies employed to enhance the piezo‐response and facilitate their integration into complex electronic systems. Applications in energy harvesting and soft robotics are overviewed by highlighting the primary performance figures of merits, the actuation mechanisms, and relevant applications. Key breakthroughs and valuable strategies to further improve both materials and device performance are discussed, together with a critical assessment of the requirements of next‐generation piezoelectric systems, and future scientific and technological solutions.

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New Insights into the Brill Transition in Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 6

Cited by 111 publications

References 53 publications

Two crystal populations with different melting/reorganization kinetics of isothermally crystallized polyamide 6

Two crystal populations with different melting/reorganization kinetics of isothermally crystallized polyamide 6

A triboelectric generator based on self-poled Nylon-11 nanowires fabricated by gas-flow assisted template wetting

Advanced Materials for Energy Harvesting and Soft Robotics: Emerging Frontiers to Enhance Piezoelectric Performance and Functionality

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