New insights into the genetic diversity of zooxanthellae in Mediterranean anthozoans

Casado-Amezúa, Pilar; Machordom, Annie; Bernardo, J.M.; González‐Wangüemert, Mercedes

doi:10.1007/s13199-014-0286-y

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These proteins may have photoprotective functions (Salih et al 2000;Gittins et al 2015) or they may enhance symbiont photosynthesis (Quick et al 2018), suggesting a possible correlation between morph ଏuorescence pattern and the symbiotic composition of the morphs, irrespective of genetic differentiation. To assess the genetic diversity of the A. viridis symbiont populations, that all belong to the unique temperate clade A (Savage et al 2002;Visram et al 2006;Forcioli et al 2011;Casado-Amezúa et al 2014), we genotyped the pooled Symbiodiniaceae from each single host and compared the obtained symbiotic compositions with one another in order to detect any differentiation among the different host morphs or lineages.…”

Section: A Similar Symbiotic Dinoଏagellate Composition Among the Morphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. viridis' gastrodermal tissue harbours millions of dinoଏagellate cells (Muscatine et al 1998;Suggett et al 2012;Zamoum and Furla 2012;Ventura et al 2016) belonging to the family Symbiodiniaceae (LaJeunesse et al 2018) that live in a close trophic relationship (Davy et al 1996) and that are vertically transmitted (Schäfer 1984). The Symbiodiniaceae associated to A. viridis belong to the temperate clade A (LaJeunesse et al 2018; or A' sensu Savage et al 2002;Visram et al 2006) presenting not only an intra-clade genetic diversity partially structured by host species but also an intra-host genetic diversity (Visram et al 2006;Forcioli et al 2011;Casado-Amezúa et al 2014). Among A. viridis morphs, no study provided a clear view of the symbiont genetic diversity distribution that could however be a driver of the morphological differentiation of A. viridis morphs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The many faced symbiotic snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis, Anthozoa): host and symbiont genetic differentiation among colour morphs

et al. 2019

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How can we explain morphological variations in a holobiont? The genetic determinism of phenotypes is not always obvious and could be circumstantial in complex organisms. In symbiotic cnidarians, it is known that morphology or colour can misrepresent a complex genetic and symbiotic diversity. Anemonia viridis is a symbiotic sea anemone from temperate seas. This species displays different colour morphs based on pigment content and lives in a wide geographical range. Here, we investigated whether colour morph differentiation correlated with host genetic diversity or associated symbiotic genetic diversity by using RAD sequencing and symbiotic dinoଏagellate typing of 140 sea anemones from the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea. We did not observe genetic differentiation among colour morphs of A. viridis at the animal host or symbiont level, rejecting the hypothesis that A. viridis colour morphs correspond to species level differences. Interestingly, we however identiଏed at least four independent animal host genetic lineages in A. viridis that differed in their associated symbiont populations. In conclusion, although the functional role of the different morphotypes of A. viridis remains to be determined, our approach provides new insights on the existence of cryptic species within A. viridis.

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Section: A Similar Symbiotic Dinoଏagellate Composition Among the Morphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The many faced symbiotic snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis, Anthozoa): host and symbiont genetic differentiation among colour morphs

et al. 2019

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“…The phylogenetic tree, which has the same topology as in previous studies (Pochon et al, , 2014, demonstrated that Symbiodinium isolated from all ciliates (genotypes 1 and 2) collected in different oceanic regions belong to clade A (maximum support: bootstrap values = 100%), the earliest branching Symbiodinium lineage. Within this clade, the new sequences of Symbiodinium are different from any known reference sequences, and separate analyses with shorter 28S rDNA sequences showed that they also do not belong to the 'Temperate A' subclade (Savage et al, 2002;Casado-Amezúa et al, 2014;Supplementary Figure S3). These new 28S rDNA sequences of Symbiodinium display genetic dissimilarities (five to nine polymorphic sites) according to their sampling location.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Identification Of the Microalgal Symbiontmentioning

confidence: 78%

The symbiotic life ofSymbiodiniumin the open ocean within a new species of calcifying ciliate (Tiarinasp.)

et al. 2015

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Symbiotic partnerships between heterotrophic hosts and intracellular microalgae are common in tropical and subtropical oligotrophic waters of benthic and pelagic marine habitats. The iconic example is the photosynthetic dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium that establishes mutualistic symbioses with a wide diversity of benthic hosts, sustaining highly biodiverse reef ecosystems worldwide. Paradoxically, although various species of photosynthetic dinoflagellates are prevalent eukaryotic symbionts in pelagic waters, Symbiodinium has not yet been reported in symbiosis within oceanic plankton, despite its high propensity for the symbiotic lifestyle. Here we report a new pelagic photosymbiosis between a calcifying ciliate host and the microalga Symbiodinium in surface ocean waters. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy, together with an 18S rDNA-based phylogeny, showed that the host is a new ciliate species closely related to Tiarina fusus (Colepidae). Phylogenetic analyses of the endosymbionts based on the 28S rDNA gene revealed multiple novel closely related Symbiodinium clade A genotypes. A haplotype network using the high-resolution internal transcribed spacer-2 marker showed that these genotypes form eight divergent, biogeographically structured, subclade types that do not seem to associate with any benthic hosts. Ecological analyses using the Tara Oceans metabarcoding data set (V9 region of the 18S rDNA) and contextual oceanographic parameters showed a global distribution of the symbiotic partnership in nutrient-poor surface waters. The discovery of the symbiotic life of Symbiodinium in the open ocean provides new insights into the ecology and evolution of this pivotal microalga and raises new hypotheses about coastal pelagic connectivity.

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“…In the NW Mediterranean, B. europaea is reported to host zooxanthellae belonging to clade A that showed to be resistant to short‐term increases in temperature (Rodolfo‐Metalpa et al 2006), but recently, individuals at Ischia Island (Italy) have been reported to host mixed clade A and phylotype B2 (Meron et al 2012). Clade B responds differently to temperature than clade A and shows maximum activity only at warm temperature, while it is inactive in the cold season (Casado‐Amezúa et al 2014). Molecular analysis of clades of zooxanthellae in in the eastern Mediterranean could clarify if they have a role in determining a higher stability in the Dardanelles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of a temperate coral along a depth gradient in the Dardanelles

Caroselli

Özalp

Lavia

et al. 2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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Notwithstanding the importance of analyzing the variations of population dynamic traits along environmental gradients for assessing coral resilience to global climate change, temperate areas are more understudied than tropical regions. In the Mediterranean Sea, some studies are available for its western basin, while there is a lack of information for its eastern basin. This study starts to fill this gap, by determining the demographic characteristics of the solitary zooxanthellate scleractinian Balanophyllia europaea in the Dardanelles (Turkey) along a 1-21 m depth transect. The population dynamics of B. europaea from this site in the eastern Mediterranean Sea was compared with the populations in the NW Mediterranean Sea. In particular, the sites of Calafuria and Palinuro (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) were chosen for the comparison since their temperature and latitude, respectively, were similar to that of the Dardanelles population. The population density in the Dardanelles increased exponentially with depth, possibly due to lower current and wave action, and higher salinity at depth. Age structure in the Dardanelles was relatively overrepresented in younger age classes with increasing depth. Nevertheless, this difference in age structure was not strong enough to cause trends with depth for all derived demographic parameters. In comparison with Italian populations, age structure presented a higher frequency of young individuals and were more stable in the Dardanelles, likely due to the less intense wave action. Hosting different clades of symbiotic algae may also contribute to these differences, but molecular studies are necessary to verify this hypothesis.

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New insights into the genetic diversity of zooxanthellae in Mediterranean anthozoans

Abstract: Symbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, also called zooxanthellae, are found in association with a wide diversity of shallow-water anthozoans. The

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

The many faced symbiotic snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis, Anthozoa): host and symbiont genetic differentiation among colour morphs

The many faced symbiotic snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis, Anthozoa): host and symbiont genetic differentiation among colour morphs

The symbiotic life ofSymbiodiniumin the open ocean within a new species of calcifying ciliate (Tiarinasp.)

Population dynamics of a temperate coral along a depth gradient in the Dardanelles

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