New Insights into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

Biondo, Carmelo

doi:10.3390/pathogens12101213

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are several classification systems for UTIs [20]. However, the most widely used systems are those developed by the CDC, which distinguish between uncomplicated and complicated UTIs on the basis of the presence of risk factors such as anatomical or functional abnormalities in the urinary tract [5,6,21]. UTIs are also classified according to the location of the infection and the clinical presentation of the UTI [6].…”

Section: Classification and Pathogenesis Of Utis 21 Types Of Utismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

Mancuso,

Trinchera,

Midiri

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all bacterial infections and require around 15% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs for several decades, the significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment in healthcare settings creates a reservoir of pathogens that can easily be transmitted to patients. Urinary catheter infections are frequently observed in hospitals and are caused by microbes that form a biofilm after a catheter is inserted into the bladder. Managing infections caused by biofilms is challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Biofilms enable pathogens to evade the host’s innate immune defences, resulting in long-term persistence. The incidence of sepsis caused by UTIs that have spread to the bloodstream is increasing, and drug-resistant infections may be even more prevalent. While the availability of upcoming tests to identify the bacterial cause of infection and its resistance spectrum is critical, it alone will not solve the problem; innovative treatment approaches are also needed. This review analyses the main characteristics of biofilm formation and drug resistance in recurrent uropathogen-induced UTIs. The importance of innovative and alternative therapies for combatting biofilm-caused UTI is emphasised.

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Section: Classification and Pathogenesis Of Utis 21 Types Of Utismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of UTIs increases with age, affecting between 30% and 50% of women over the age of 60 [4]. UTI pathogenesis is the result of several complex interactions between a uropathogen and the host [5,6]. However, it is widely recognised that outpatient antibiotic use is often excessive and unnecessary [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

Mancuso,

Trinchera,

Midiri

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Culture-free detection of β-lactamase-Producing bacteria in urinary tract infections using a paper sensor

Liu,

Li,

et al. 2024

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Unveiling the hidden arsenal: new insights into Proteus mirabilis virulence in UTIs

Yang,

Tian,

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The pathogenic mechanisms of Proteus mirabilis are complex and diverse, involving various virulence factors, including fimbriae, flagella, urease, polyphosphate kinase, lipopolysaccharides, cyclic AMP receptor protein, Sigma factor RpoE, and RNA chaperone protein Hfq. These factors play crucial roles in bacterial colonization, invasion, evasion of host immune responses, biofilm formation, and urinary stone formation. This paper is the first to comprehensively describe the hydrogenase system, autotransporter proteins, molybdate-binding protein ModA, and two-component systems as virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis, providing new insights into its pathogenic mechanisms in urinary tract infections. This review explores the mechanisms of biofilm formation by Proteus mirabilis and the various virulence factors involved in UTIs, revealing many newly discovered virulence factors from recent studies. These findings may offer new targets for clinical treatment of UTIs and vaccine development, highlighting the importance of understanding these virulence factors.

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New Insights into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

Abstract: About 150 million people around the world experience urinary tract infections (UTI) every year, with adult women 30 times more likely to develop a UTI than men [...]

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

Culture-free detection of β-lactamase-Producing bacteria in urinary tract infections using a paper sensor

Unveiling the hidden arsenal: new insights into Proteus mirabilis virulence in UTIs

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