New Insights Into the Role of Tissue Eosinophils in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer: A Literature Review

Abstract

RESUMOIntrodução: O papel dos eosinófilos na carcinogénese colorretal tem sido discutido em várias publicações científicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de rever o valor dos eosinófilos tecidulares no prognóstico do cancro colorretal, enfatizando a sua identificação, mensuração e associação com as características clinicopatológicas da doença. Material e Métodos:Utilizámos os motores de busca PubMed e Web of Science para pesquisar estudos que associassem os eosinófilos tecidulares com o prognóstico do cancro colorretal.Resultados: Selecionámos 15 estudos para a nossa revisão. Maioritariamente, a análise do infiltrado foi realizada através da coloração de hematoxilina-eosina, com criação de scores. A maioria dos trabalhos descreveu a eosinofilia tecidular como um fator de prognóstico favorável no cancro colorretal e estabeleceu uma associação inversa entre ela e o comportamento metastático dos tumores. A associação com outros fatores de prognóstico foi por vezes abordada, com resultados inconsistentes. A eosinofilia tecidular diminuiu na progressão adenoma-carcinoma. Discussão:Vários mecanismos têm sido propostos para explicar a quimiotaxia de eosinófilos para os tecidos tumorais e a sua interação com as células neoplásicas, sugerindo o envolvimento dos eosinófilos na progressão do cancro colorretal. Apesar de não existir um sistema de avaliação validado, a eosinofilia tecidular associada a tumores pode constituir um parâmetro histopatológico de prognóstico no cancro colorretal. Conclusão:As evidências disponíveis associam a presença de eosinófilos no microambiente do cancro colorretal com a modulação da sua progressão. O impacto clínico deste achado deve ser estudado no futuro. Palavras-chave: Material and Methods:We used PubMed and Web of Science search engines to retrieve studies that looked at the association between tissue eosinophils and colorectal cancer prognosis. Results:We selected 15 studies for our review. In the majority of the studies, eosinophils were identified in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and scores were generated for analysis. Most of the studies pointed to tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia as a favourable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and found an inverse association between eosinophil count and the metastatic potential of these neoplasms. The association between tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia and established prognostic markers of colorectal cancer was assessed in some studies, with inconsistent results. Additionally, tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia decreased with the adenoma-carcinoma progression of colorectal lesions.Discussion: Several mechanisms have been proposed regarding eosinophil chemoatraction to tumour tissues and eosinophil-cancer cell cross-talk, suggesting that eosinophils are actively involved in colorectal cancer progression. Although a scoring system is still lacking, tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia meets the criteria of a convenient histopathological prognosticator in colorectal cancer. Conclusion:Collectively, current evidence associa...

Simultaneous LC-MS/MS-Based Quantification of Free 3-Nitro-l-tyrosine, 3-Chloro-l-tyrosine, and 3-Bromo-l-tyrosine in Plasma of Colorectal Cancer Patients during Early Postoperative Period

“…Nonetheless, concerning 3-BT, this observation is consistent with the anti-tumorigenic role attributed to eosinophils in CRC [16,40]. It also corroborates findings of an inverse relationship between tumor infiltration by eosinophils and the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer as well as the progression from adenoma to carcinoma (reviewed in [41]). The 3-NT is considered a footprint of NOS2 activity [5], and NOS2 expression in tumors of the digestive tract is elevated [8][9][10].…”

Blood Eosinophilia Is an on-Treatment Biomarker in Patients with Solid Tumors Undergoing Dendritic Cell Vaccination with Autologous Tumor-RNA

“…The role of eosinophils in allergic diseases led to several studies of the association between allergic conditions and cancer incidence [34,35]. Interestingly, these reported an inverse relationship between allergy-based diseases and several malignancies, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. As most of the studies neither assessed confounding factors at the patient level nor incorporated them into the analysis, the association between allergic diseases accompanied by eosinophilia and cancer risk remains conflicting [45].…”

A role of eosinophils in mediating the anti-tumour effect of cryo-thermal treatment

“…Growing evidence supported eosinophils contributing to anti-tumour immunity. Clinically, the infiltration of tumour-associate tissue eosinophils (TATE) are usually indicated a good prognosis, such as head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer 22–24 . Eosinophils can exert cytotoxic properties for tumour cell upon activating via the release of several cytotoxic granules, including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN), major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophils peroxidase (EPO).…”