New Insights of Microsporidial Infection among Asymptomatic Aboriginal Population in Malaysia

Anuar, Tengku Shahrul; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Salleh, Farrahshaida Mohd; Moktar, Norhayati

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071870

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Co-infections of soil-transmitted helminth with a diversity of protozoa such as Giardia sp., Entamoeba spp., Blastocystis spp. and microsporidia with prevalence ranging from 15.0 to 22.2% have been observed [7] – [9] . Multiparasitism has proven to increase anaemia, morbidity and reduce cognitive development in children [10] – [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

et al. 2014

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have been documented among these minority groups since 1938. However the prevalence of STH is still high among these communities. Most studies tend to consider the Orang Asli (indigenous) as a homogenous group. In contrary, different subtribes have their own cultural practices. To understand this variation better, we studied the prevalence and associated factors of STH and other gut parasitic infections among two common subtribes (i.e. Temuan and Temiar). Results showed that the prevalence of the overall STH infections was higher in the Temuan subtribe (53.2% of 171) compared to the Temiar subtribe (52.7% of 98). Trichuris trichiura (46.2%) was the most prevalent parasite in the Temuan subtribe, followed by Ascaris spp. (25.7%) and hookworm (4.1%). In contrast, Ascaris spp. (39.8%) was more prevalent among the Temiar subtribe, preceded by T. trichiura (35.7%) and finally hookworm (8.3%). There were also co-infections of helminthiasis and intestinal protozoa among both Temuan and Temiar subtribes with rates being three times higher among the Temiar compared to Temuan. The most common co-infection was with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (n = 24; 24.5%, 16.0–33.0), followed by Giardia spp. (n = 3; 3.1%, −0.3–6.5). In Temuan, STH infection individuals were also infected with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (n = 11; 6.4%, 5.0–13.8), Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 3, 1.8%, −0.2–3.8) and Giardia spp. (n = 2, 1.2%, −0.4–2.8). In comparison, there was no Cryptosporidium spp. detected among the Temiar. However, it was interesting to note that there was an occurrence of co-infection of intestinal helminthiasis and sarcocystosis (intestinal) in a Temiar individual. The last report of sarcocystosis (muscular) among the Orang Asli was in 1978. The present study highlighted the importance of understanding the variation of infections amongst the different Orang Asli subtribes. It is vital to note these differences and use this knowledge to customise effective control measures for the various subtribes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

et al. 2014

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“…The overall prevalence of microsporidian infections among immunocompromised patients was slightly higher compared with previous local studies. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][20][21][22] Comparing the findings of the present study with studies from other countries showed that the prevalence was higher than for those reported in Spain (17%), 23 Czech Republic (15%), 24 and India (1.8%). 25 By contrast, studies in Iran reported a high prevalence of microsporidiosis (more than 30%) among immunocompromised hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Molecular Diagnosis of Microsporidia among Immunocompromised Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hassan

Lim

Mahmud

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasitic fungi causing chronic diarrhea, particularly among immunocompromised patients. The current method used for diagnosis is based on conventional microscopy, which does not differentiate parasites at the species level. The present study was carried out to identify microsporidian species in immunocompromised patients. From March 2016 to March 2017, a total of 289 archived stool samples were examined microscopically for microsporidian spores using Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun (GCK) stain. Positive stool samples by microscopy were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for species identification. Based on microscopy examination, the overall prevalence of microsporidian infections was 32.2% (93/289; 95% CI = 27.1-37.8). Of these stool samples, 45 samples were successfully amplified and confirmed as Enterocytozoon bieneusi. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected. Accurate identification of species might help clinicians to decide appropriate management strategies as dissemination risks and treatment response vary for different species, hence improving the management of microsporidian infections.

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“…High prevalence rates were also reported in healthy aboriginal Malaysians in Southeast Asia (Shahrul Anuar et al. ) and in Pakistan on the Asian continent (Yakoob et al. ).…”

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confidence: 84%

Fast Technology Analysis Enables Identification of Species and Genotypes of Latent Microsporidia Infections in Healthy Native Cameroonians

Ndzi

Asonganyi

Nkinin

et al. 2015

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Several enteric microsporidia species have been detected in humans and other vertebrates and their identifications at the genotype level are currently being elucidated. As advanced methods, reagents, and disposal kits for detecting and identifying pathogens become commercially available, it is important to test them in settings other than in laboratories with “state-of-the-art” equipment and well-trained staff members. In the present study, we sought to detect microsporidia DNA preserved and extracted from FTA (fast technology analysis) cards spotted with human fecal suspensions obtained from Cameroonian volunteers living in the capital city of Yaoundé to preclude the need for employing spore-concentrating protocols. Further, we tested whether amplicon nucleotide sequencing approaches could be used on small aliquots taken from the cards to elucidate the diversity of microsporidia species and strains infecting native residents. Of 196 samples analyzed, 12 (6.1%) were positive for microsporidia DNA; Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Type IV and KIN-1), Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis were identified. These data demonstrate the utility of the FTA cards in identifying genotypes of microsporidia DNA in human fecal samples that may be applied to field testing for prevalence studies.

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New Insights of Microsporidial Infection among Asymptomatic Aboriginal Population in Malaysia

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

Molecular Diagnosis of Microsporidia among Immunocompromised Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Fast Technology Analysis Enables Identification of Species and Genotypes of Latent Microsporidia Infections in Healthy Native Cameroonians

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