New insights on diclofenac electrochemistry using graphite as working electrode

Aguilar-Lira, Guadalupe Yoselin; Álvarez-Romero, Giaan Arturo; Zamora-Suárez, Andrés; Palomar-Pardavé, M.; Rojas-Hernándéz, Alberto; Rodríguez, José A.; Páez-Hernández, María Elena

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.050

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To overcome such drawback, electrode polishing of GCE or surface renewal of CPE are routine steps in electroanalytical assays [9,10,11,12]. In this context, pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is a soft and very cheap material whose surface layers are easily renewed by abrasion on paper [11,12,13,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These electrode surface modifications can be further enhanced through ionic liquid (IL) based matrices, whose intrinsic conducting properties may substantially increase method sensibility [20] without drawbacks concerning increased cost [11,12,13,14,15,16]. Moreover, IL provides anchorage to CB surface modifications, turning it feasible without further treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltammetric Evaluation of Diclofenac Tablets Samples through Carbon Black-Based Electrodes

et al. 2019

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Diclofenac (DIC) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of wide use around the world. Electroanalytical methods display a high analytical potential for application in pharmaceutical samples but the drawbacks concerning electrode fouling and reproducibility are of major concern. Henceforth, the aim of this work was to propose the use of alternative low-cost carbon black (CB) and ionic liquid (IL) matrix to modify the surface of pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) in order to quantify DIC in raw materials, intermediates, and final products, as well as in stability assays of tablets. The proposed method using CB+IL/PGE displayed good recovery (99.4%) as well as limits of detection (LOD) of 0.08 µmol L-1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.28 µmol L−1. CB+IL/PGE response was five times greater than the unmodified PGE. CB+IL-PGE stands as an interesting alternative for DIC assessment in different pharmaceutical samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Evaluation of Diclofenac Tablets Samples through Carbon Black-Based Electrodes

et al. 2019

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“…The first stage in the overall oxidation of DCF is given by the DCF sorption onto the carbon surface, evidenced by the diminution of the anodic peak of carbon oxidation, followed by the second stage of the DCF oxidation process. It has been reported that the electrochemical oxidation of diclofenac involves a one-electron electrochemical-chemical (EC) mechanism followed by a chemical reaction in which 2,6 dichloroaniline and 2-(2-hydroxyprop-2-phenyl) acid acetic are formed [10]. A linear dependence between the useful anodic peak current and DCF concentration is noticeable in the inset of Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monitoring of DCF concentration in aquatic environments necessitates analytical methods, from which several variants of chromatography are often used [4,5]. Also, for the quantitative determination of DCF, electrochemical methods and sensors have been reported [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13], as electrochemical methods exhibit great potential for environmental monitoring because of their advantages of saving time, fast response, simplicity, low cost, and the avoidance of sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrochemical Response of Diclofenac at a Fullerene–Carbon Nanofiber Paste Electrode

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Manea

Orha

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The requirements of the Water Framework Directive to monitor diclofenac (DCF) concentration in surface water impose the need to find advanced fast and simple analysis methods. Direct voltammetric/amperometric methods could represent efficient and practical solutions. Fullerene–carbon nanofibers in paraffin oil as a paste electrode (F–CNF) was easily obtained by simple mixing and tested for DCF detection using voltammetric and amperometric techniques. The lowest limit of detection of 0.9 nM was achieved by applying square-wave voltammetry operated under step potential (SP) of 2 mV, modulation amplitude (MA) of 10 mV, and frequency of 25 Hz, and the best sensitivity was achieved by four-level multiple pulsed amperometry (MPA) that allowed in situ reactivation of the F–CNF electrode. The selection of the method must take into account the environmental quality standard (EQS), imposed through the “watchlist” of the Water Framework Directive as 0.1 µg·L−1 DCF. A good improvement of the electroanalytical parameters for DCF detection on the F–CNF electrode was achieved by applying the preconcentration step for 30 min before the detection step, which assured about 30 times better sensitivity, recommending its application for the monitoring of trace levels of DCF. The electrochemical behavior of F–CNF as a pseudomicroelectrode array makes it suitable for practical application in the in situ and real-time monitoring of DCF concentrations in water.

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“…The method proposed for the indirect detection of diclofenac was compared with the traditional methods using the oxidation peak of the drug. LODs of 2.45 (DPV at a bare graphite electrode potentiodynamic pretreatment) [65], 9.1 µM (ion-selective electrode using chronopotentiometric methods) [66], 2.0 µm (vinylferrocene/multiwall carbon nanotubes using square wave voltammetry (SWV)) [67], 1.1 µm (based on batch injection analysis with amperometric detection) [68], 1.6 µM (based on electrooxidation at platinum electrode using (SWV)) [69], and 3.28 µm (DPV using tyrosine-modified carbon paste electrode) [46] have been reported for diclofenac. In addition to the comparison with the other developed membranes as sensing platforms previously reported [16], the analytical performances of type of membrane supported micro-interface were summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Analytical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Behavior and Detection of Diclofenac at a Microporous Si3N4 Membrane Modified Water–1,6-dichlorohexane Interface System

et al. 2020

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The electrochemical behavior when the liquid–liquid interface was modified by commercially available, microporous silicon nitride membrane, was achieved using cyclic voltammetry with tetramethyl ammonium. The transfer characteristics of the ionizable drug diclofenac ( DCF − ), as an anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic, and analgesic treatment in common use in biomedical applications, were also investigated across microporous silicon nitride-modified liquid interface. Thus, some thermodynamic variables for DCF − , such as the standard Gibbs energy of transfer, the standard transfer potential and lipophilicity were estimated. Furthermore, the influence of possible interfering substances (ascorbic acid, sugar, amino acid, urea, and metal ions) on the detection of DCF − was investigated. An electrochemical DCF sensor is investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the quantification technique, a linear range of 8–56 µM and a limit of detection of 1.5 µM was possible due to the miniaturized interfaces formed within silicon nitride.

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New insights on diclofenac electrochemistry using graphite as working electrode

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Voltammetric Evaluation of Diclofenac Tablets Samples through Carbon Black-Based Electrodes

Voltammetric Evaluation of Diclofenac Tablets Samples through Carbon Black-Based Electrodes

Enhanced Electrochemical Response of Diclofenac at a Fullerene–Carbon Nanofiber Paste Electrode

Electrochemical Behavior and Detection of Diclofenac at a Microporous Si3N4 Membrane Modified Water–1,6-dichlorohexane Interface System

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