“…Thus, the vast majority of IR textbooks produced during this period, with some exceptions (Mcllroy, 1995), either completely ignored their influence within the workplace or unions or referred to it only in passing (for example, see Gospel and Palmer, 1993;Farnham and Pimlott, 1995;Edwards, 1995;Beardwell, 1996;Salaman, 1998;Burchill, 1997;Kessler and Bayliss, 1998;Blyton and Turnbull (1998). Equally, there is little literature on the influence of organised left-wing political factions within the unions' policy making bodies (again with some exceptions: Lipset, 1956;Undy et al, 1981;Seifert, 1984;Carter, 1997;Mcllroy, 2000aMcllroy, , 2000bGall, 2001). Yet trade unions are often the site of intense ideological struggles between different groups of activists about the definition of members' interests and the most appropriate means for their pursuit.…”