New Markers of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Oxidized-LDL Correlates with Clinical Staging

Abstract

Abstract. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to characterize a population of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in terms of traditional and new cardiovascular risk factors and assess their putative correlation with clinical disease activity (evaluated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 00 (28.25-40.25) years and scoring a median of 2.00 (1.50-3.13) in EDSS. Comparing with controls, the most relevant differences encountered were: increased serum triglycerides (P < 0.001), Ox-LDL (P < 0.001) as well as Ox-LDL/LDL ratio and reduced small HDL (P = 0.040), accompanied by a trend to increased VEGF concentration. LDL content, especially Ox-LDL, showed positive and significant correlation with EDSS (r = 0.458; P = 0.011) and VEGF (r = 0.453; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: MS patients presented a profile of early CV risk, being Ox-LDL contents a putative good marker and having correlation with the clinical activity of the disease.

Vascular comorbidities in the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis

“…In a study by Palavra and colleagues [90], total cholesterol (r = 0.40, p = 0.027), LDL (r = 0.37, p = 0.05) and oxidised-LDL (r = 0.46, p = 0.01) were positively correlated with EDSS. In a study [34] looking at the association between vitamin D and serum lipid profiles in a population of 178 MS patients, total cholesterol/HDL ratio was associated with higher EDSS (r = 0.21, p = 0.008).…”

“…Likewise, HDL concentrations have been found to be higher in MS cases compared with controls [8,88,91], but other studies did not find any significant differences [18,89]. Triglycerides levels were also higher in MS cases compared to healthy control in some studies but did not find any significant differences [18,[88][89][90][91]. A study by Sternberg and colleagues which compared the lipid profile difference between MS patients who were on disease modifying therapies (DMTs-users) and DMTs-naïve demonstrated a significantly higher HDL in DMTs-users compared to DMTs-naïve.…”

“…Generally, a more adverse lipid profile among MS cases was observed in some studies, but this was not consistently found. For example, some studies have shown significantly elevated total cholesterol in people with MS compared to healthy controls [8,88,89], while other studies found no difference in total cholesterol levels [18,90,91]. Similarly some studies reported higher LDL levels in people with MS compared with healthy controls [89] while other studies did not find any significant difference in LDL levels [8,18,88].…”

Lipid-related genetic polymorphisms significantly modulate the association between lipids and disability progression in multiple sclerosis

“…Our own study with 178 participants showed that higher TC was independently associated with higher EDSS 3. A case–control study also demonstrated that TC and LDL were positively correlated with EDSS 9. Results for BMI are mixed, however.…”

Improvement of Oxidative and Metabolic Parameters by Cellfood Administration in Patients Affected by Neurodegenerative Diseases on Chelation Treatment

“…In MS patients serum oxidized LDL concentrations have been proposed as a marker of clinical staging, since an increase in their levels was associated with expanded disability status scale [36]. Moreover, according to Kardys et al, high cholesterol affected retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in MS patients with optic neuritis [37].…”