New Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossils from Ecuador: Invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, and microfossils

A review of amber and copal occurrences in Africa and their paleontological significance

“…The paucity of Gondwanan amber deposits may results from a long lack of prospection for this geological material in the Southern Hemisphere, combined with typically limited outcrops due to the dense plant covering in intertropical zones. Amber deposits of Gondwanan origin comprise Indomalayan occurrences in India (early Eocene; Rust et al, 2010) and possibly Myanmar (early Cenomanian; at the time probably an island in the Tethys Ocean but originating from Austral Gondwana, see Rasnitsyn and Öhm-Kühnle, 2018, Poinar, 2019or Westerweel et al, 2019; Australasian occurrences in Australia (Triassic to Neogene; Hand et al, 2010;Sonibare et al, 2014;Stilwell et al, 2020) and New Zealand (Cretaceous, Oligocene and Miocene; Schmidt et al, 2018;Mays et al, 2019;Stilwell et al, 2020); South American occurrences in Brazil (early Cretaceous; Pereira et al, 2011), Ecuador (Aptian-Albian; Cadena et al, 2018), Venezuela (Miocene, Pérez et al, 2016), and Peru (Miocene; Antoine et al, 2006); and rare African occurrences that are detailed and reviewed hereafter along with the known copal deposits.…”