New Metastable Nonmetallic Phase of Europium

Epitaxial growth of europium on (110)Nb and (0001)Y

“…The epitaxy of hexagonal Eu layers with a NW orientation with respect to the buffer lattice has been already reported on W(1 1 0) [5], on Ta(1 1 0) [6], and on V(1 1 0) [7]. The surface lattice parameters are measured between 4.1 and 4.6 ( A, which means expanded with respect to bulk Eu next neighbour distance and relatively close to the value obtained in the present study.…”

“…This special behaviour is commonly attributed to the occupancy of the 5d electronic shell, which differs from the other rare earth elements because of the Eu divalent character [4]. Most of the studies concerning europium nanostructures up to now have been devoted to the investigation of surface structural and electronic properties and thus concentrated on a few nanometer thick films: Eu/W(1 1 0) [5], Eu/Ta(1 1 0) [6] and Eu/V(1 1 0) [7].…”

Valence-Band Dispersion in Angle-Resolved Resonant Photoemission from LaSb

“…2 the two features at 116-118 eV in the main resonance. Similar spectra in the main resonance for two phases of Eu [18] make a strong case for the assignment of the resonance at lower photon energy to the 5d, and the one at higher energy to the 4f. This is supported by a theoretical study by Zangwill and co-workers [3,6], who calculated the cross sections for the emission of photoelectrons from various subshells, e.g., 4f, 5d, 6s, after photoexcitation of a 4d electron of the Ce atom.…”

Photoemission study of some novel materials: rare earth/transition metal interface, Ba06K04BiO3 and AlPdMn

“…The Fermi edge disappears when the 4f feature shows only the single peak. This observation is consistent with the previous experimental results of Eu on Ta polycrystalline surfaces where a non-metallic phase is observed [Olson 1994]. …”