New method for rapid identification and quantification of fungal biomass using ergosterol autofluorescence

Mansoldo, Felipe Raposo Passos; Firpo, Rhayssa; Cardoso, Verônica da Silva; Queiroz, Gregório Nepomuceno; Cedrola, Sabrina Martins Lage; Godoy, Mateus G.; Vermelho, Alane Beatriz

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121238

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Similar procedures have opened also valuable perspective for the autofluorescence-based assessment of the fungal biomass in solid or semisolid fermentation processes, for example to monitor the consumption of nutrients, CO 2 generation in the production of compounds of industrial and commercial interest. Only a simple extraction procedure is required, making particularly easy and fast to assay filamentous fungi from solid or semisolid mass, with a technique potentially extendable to the analysis of fungal food contamination [160].…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Croce

2021

Photochem

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Organisms belonging to all life kingdoms may have the natural capacity to fluoresce. Autofluorescence events depend on the presence of natural biomolecules, namely endogenous fluorophores, with suitable chemical properties in terms of conjugated double bonds, aromatic or more complex structures with oxidized and crosslinked bonds, ensuring an energy status able to permit electronic transitions matching with the energy of light in the UV-visible-near-IR spectral range. Emission of light from biological substrates has been reported since a long time, inspiring unceasing and countless studies. Early notes on autofluorescence of vegetables have been soon followed by attention to animals. Investigations on full living organisms from the wild environment have been driven prevalently by ecological and taxonomical purposes, while studies on cells, tissues and organs have been mainly promoted by diagnostic aims. Interest in autofluorescence is also growing as a sensing biomarker in food production and in more various industrial processes. The associated technological advances have supported investigations ranging from the pure photochemical characterization of specific endogenous fluorophores to their possible functional meanings and biological relevance, making fluorescence a valuable intrinsic biomarker for industrial and diagnostic applications, in a sort of real time, in situ biochemical analysis. This review aims to provide a wide-ranging report on the most investigated natural fluorescing biomolecules, from microorganisms to plants and animals of different taxonomic degrees, with their biological, environmental or biomedical issues relevant for the human health. Hence, some notes in the different sections dealing with different biological subject are also interlaced with human related issues. Light based events in biological subjects have inspired an almost countless literature, making it almost impossible to recall here all associated published works, forcing to apologize for the overlooked reports. This Review is thus proposed as an inspiring source for Readers, addressing them to additional literature for an expanded information on specific topics of more interest.

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Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Croce

2021

Photochem

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“…It is also a target of many azole antifungal drugs ( Michael and Galina, 2005 ; Galina and Michael, 2006 ). The lack or complete absence of ergosterol biosynthesis will alter the fluidity of the fungal cell membrane and might change the activities of related enzymes on the fungal cell membrane, affecting the function of the fungal cell membrane and inhibiting the growth of fungi ( Daum et al, 1998 ; Lees et al, 1999 ; Minnebruggen et al, 2010 ; Felipe et al, 2020 ). In the study of antifungal mechanism of cinnamaldehyde, under the action of cinnamaldehyde, the expression of the ERG11 gene encoding sterol 14 α-demethylase in Fusarium sambucinum was downregulated, and the ergosterol content in this fungus was decreased by 67.94%, which resulted in cell membrane damage, a slow spore growth rate, and a decrease in pathogenicity ( Wei et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 Sterol 14 Alpha-Demethylase Gene SsCI72380 Is Required for Mating/Filamentation and Pathogenicity in Sporisorium scitamineum

Cai

Deng

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Sugarcane smut is a significant sugarcane disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum and is a large threat to the sugar industry in China and the world. Accordingly, it is important to study the pathogenic mechanism by which this disease occurs to identify effective prevention and control strategies. Gene SsCI72380, which encodes cytochrome P450 sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51), was screened out from the transcriptome of S. scitamineum. In this study, the functions of gene SsCI72380 were identified via the knockout mutants ΔSs72380+ and ΔSs72380−, which were obtained by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation technology, as well as the complementary mutants COM72380+ and COM72380−. The results showed that the CYP51 gene SsCI72380 played an important role in sporidial growth, sexual mating/filamentation, hyphae growth, and pathogenicity in S. scitamineum. Gene SsCI72380 may regulate the biosynthesis process of ergosterol by encoding CYP51 enzymes and then affecting the structure and function of the cell membrane. Gene SsCI72380 also played an important role in the response toward different abiotic stresses, including hyperosmotic stress, oxidative stress, and cell wall stress, by regulating the permeability of the cell membrane. In addition, gene SsCI72380 is a new type of pathogenic gene from S. scitamineum that enhances the pathogenicity of S. scitamineum.

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“…As shown in Fig. 6 a, P. ostreatus could not colonization when directly using mixed raw DGW as the substrates because no ergosterol, which is commonly used as a marker to characterize fungal growth [ 59 ], was detected in the DGW substrate. By comparison, after 48 h of composting, DGW was the favorable substrate for P. ostreatus growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a consortium-based microbial agent beneficial to composting of distilled grain waste for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation

Zhou

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible mushroom popularly cultivated worldwide. Distilled grain waste (DGW) is a potential substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation. However, components in DGW restrict P. ostreatus mycelial growth. Therefore, a cost-effective approach to facilitate rapid P. ostreatus colonization on DGW substrate will benefit P. ostreatus cultivation and DGW recycling. Results Five dominant indigenous bacteria, Sphingobacterium sp. X1, Ureibacillus sp. X2, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. X3, Geobacillus sp. X4, and Aeribacillus sp. X5, were isolated from DGW and selected to develop a consortium-based microbial agent to compost DGW for P. ostreatus cultivation. Microbial agent inoculation led to faster carbohydrate metabolism, a higher temperature (73.2 vs. 71.2 °C), a longer thermophilic phase (5 vs. 3 days), and significant dynamic changes in microbial community composition and diversity in composts than those of the controls. Metagenomic analysis showed the enhanced microbial metabolisms, such as xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and terpenoid and polyketide metabolism, during the mesophilic phase after microbial agent inoculation, which may facilitate the fungal colonization on the substrate. In accordance with the bioinformatic analysis, a faster colonization of P. ostreatus was observed in the composts with microbial inoculation than in control after composting for 48 h, as indicated from substantially higher fungal ergosterol content, faster lignocellulose degradation, and higher lignocellulase activities in the former than in the latter. The final mushroom yield shared no significant difference between composts with microbial inoculation and control, with 0.67 ± 0.05 and 0.60 ± 0.04 kg fresh mushroom/kg DGW, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion The consortium-based microbial agent comprised indigenous microorganisms showing application potential in composting DGW for providing substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation and will provide an alternative to facilitate DGW recycling.

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New method for rapid identification and quantification of fungal biomass using ergosterol autofluorescence

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Cytochrome P450 Sterol 14 Alpha-Demethylase Gene SsCI72380 Is Required for Mating/Filamentation and Pathogenicity in Sporisorium scitamineum

Development of a consortium-based microbial agent beneficial to composting of distilled grain waste for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation

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