New Methods for Testing Lorentz Invariance with Atomic Systems

Shaniv, Ravid; Ozeri, Roee; Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.; Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.; Häffner, Hartmut

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.103202

Cited by 55 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Again, the sign is opposite to Yb E3, making their comparison more powerful and improving the control of potential systematic effects. Furthermore, the value compares well with other HCI 30 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Detection of the 5p – 4f orbital crossing and its optical clock transition in Pr9+

et al. 2019

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Recent theoretical works have proposed atomic clocks based on narrow optical transitions in highly charged ions. The most interesting candidates for searches of physics beyond the Standard Model are those which occur at rare orbital crossings where the shell structure of the periodic table is reordered. There are only three such crossings expected to be accessible in highly charged ions, and hitherto none have been observed as both experiment and theory have proven difficult. In this work we observe an orbital crossing in a system chosen to be tractable from both sides: Pr. We present electron beam ion trap measurements of its spectra, including the inter-configuration lines that reveal the sought-after crossing. With state-of-the-art calculations we show that the proposed nHz-wide clock line has a very high sensitivity to variation of the fine-structure constant, , and violation of local Lorentz invariance; and has extremely low sensitivity to external perturbations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Detection of the 5p – 4f orbital crossing and its optical clock transition in Pr9+

et al. 2019

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“…This approach combines advantages of unprecedented frequency stability of optical lattice clocks on neutral atoms and low sensitivity to BBR of ion optical clocks. Moreover, precision spectroscopy in Tm opens possibilities for sensitive tests of Lorentz invariance 5 and for a search of the fine structure constant variation 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner-shell clock transition in atomic thulium with a small blackbody radiation shift

et al. 2019

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One of the key systematic effects limiting the performance of state-of-the-art optical clocks is the blackbody radiation (BBR) shift. Here, we demonstrate unusually low sensitivity of a 1.14 μm inner-shell clock transition in neutral Tm atoms to BBR. By direct polarizability measurements, we infer a differential polarizability of the clock levels of −0.063(30) atomic units corresponding to a fractional frequency BBR shift of only 2.3(1.1) × 10 −18 at room temperature. This amount is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of the best optical clocks using neutral atoms (Sr, Yb, Hg) and is competitive with that of ion optical clocks (Al + , Lu + ). Our results allow the development of lanthanide-based optical clocks with a relative uncertainty at the 10 −17 level.

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“…Because of that, HCI can be used to search for such variations and to test predictions of this class of theoretical models of dark matter. Recently, HCI have also been identified as potential candidates for significant improvement for tests of Lorentz symmetry (Shaniv et al, 2017). New experimental techniques for HCI described in this review combined with an improved theoretical description will allow for more stringent QED tests.…”

Section: B Atomic Physics At the Extremes: Highly Charged Ionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Further significant improvement of the LV constraints with such experiments requires another system with a long-lived or ground state that has a large j|T (2) 0 |j matrix element. ; Shaniv et al (2017) calculated this matrix element in a variety of systems and identified the 4f 13 6s 2 2 F 7/2 state of Yb + and HCI as systems with large sensitivities to LLI. HCI ions of interest are among those already proposed for the tests of the α-variation.…”

Section: A Tests Of Local Lorentz Invariancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly charged ions: Optical clocks and applications in fundamental physics

et al. 2018

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Recent developments in frequency metrology and optical clocks have been based on electronic transitions in atoms and singly charged ions as references. The control over all relevant degrees of freedom in these atoms has enabled relative frequency uncertainties at a level of a few parts in 10 −18 . This accomplishment not only allows for extremely accurate time and frequency measurements, but also to probe our understanding of fundamental physics, such as a possible variation of fundamental constants, a violation of the local Lorentz invariance, and the existence of forces beyond the Standard Model of Physics. In addition, novel clocks are driving the development of sophisticated technical applications. Crucial for applications of clocks in fundamental physics are a high sensitivity to effects beyond the Standard Model and Einstein's Theory of Relativity and a small frequency uncertainty of the clock. Highly charged ions offer both. They have been proposed as highly accurate clocks, since they possess optical transitions which can be extremely narrow and less sensitive to external perturbations compared to current atomic clock species. The large selection of highly charged ions in different charge states offers narrow transitions that are among the most sensitive ones for a change in the finestructure constant and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, as well as other new physics effects. Recent experimental advances in trapping and sympathetic cooling of highly charged ions will in the future enable advanced quantum logic techniques for controlling motional and internal degrees of freedom and thus enable high accuracy optical spectroscopy. Theoretical progress in calculating the properties of selected highly charged ions has allowed the evaluation of systematic shifts and the prediction of the sensitivity to the "new physics" effects. New theoretical challenges and opportunities emerge from relativistic, quantum electrodynamics, and nuclear size contributions that become comparable with interelectronic correlations. This article reviews the current status of theory and experiment in the field, addresses specific electronic configurations and systems which show the most promising properties for research, their potential limitations, and the techniques for their study.

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New Methods for Testing Lorentz Invariance with Atomic Systems

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Detection of the 5p – 4f orbital crossing and its optical clock transition in Pr9+

Detection of the 5p – 4f orbital crossing and its optical clock transition in Pr9+

Inner-shell clock transition in atomic thulium with a small blackbody radiation shift

Highly charged ions: Optical clocks and applications in fundamental physics

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