New Mosquito Repellents1

Gilbert, I. H.; Gouck, H. K.; Smith, Carroll N.

doi:10.1093/jee/48.6.741

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…This study also reiterated the importance of the oxygen with respect to most of the compounds tested, first noted by Bunker and Hirshfelder 39. Work by McCabe et al 53 and Gilbert et al 54–56 on N , N ‐diethylamides and, more specifically, N ‐ N ‐diethyltoluamide, was also largely guided by the data generated by the USDA Orlando, FL, laboratory. It is interesting to note that this group also approached their study from a structural perspective and recognized N , N ‐dialkylamide and diol groups as the two ‘promising leads as a source of mosquito repellents’ 53…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Some of the early work with derivatives included ring‐substitutions with hydroxyl, alkoxy, and dihalogen, which were less effective. It was the alkyl‐substituted diethylbenzamides that were more active repellents 53, 54, 59. A trend was also seen with the number of carbons between the ring and amide group, which showed that one carbon was optimal and that an increase in the number of carbons decreased repellent activity 58.…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Different substituents on the ring were synthesized and tested (alkoxy, bromo and chloro), but it was the alkyl substitutions that performed the best. The first N , N ‐diethylbenzamide was patented as an insect repellent by Gertler in 1946 (US Patent 2,408,389), while the first report of mosquito repellency to ortho ‐, meta ‐ and para ‐ N , N ‐diethyltoluamide isomers was made by McCabe et al 53 Soon after, validation of DEET's repellent activity was observed in laboratory and field trials with multiple insects 54–56. Around this time, additional studies were published on the optimization of the amide structure for repellency, including Gouck et al ,58 Gertler et al ,59 Alexander and Beroza60 and Johnson et al 61…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction

2010

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Research on mosquito chemical repellents continues to advance, along with knowledge of mosquito olfaction and behavior, mosquito-host interactions and chemical structure. New tools and technologies have revealed information about insect olfactory mechanisms and processing, providing a more complex approach for the interpretation of how chemical repellents influence host-seeking and feeding behavior. Even with these advances, there is still a large amount of information contained in the early works on insect repellents. Many of the standard test methods and chemicals that are still used for evaluating active repellents were developed in the 1940s. These studies contain valuable references to the activity of different structural classes of chemicals, and serve as a guide to optimization of select compounds for insect repellency effects.

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Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction

2010

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“…Since its introduction more than 60 years ago (McCabe et al, 1954;Gilbert et al, 1955), DEET has remained the most effective mosquito repellent approved for human use (Klun et al, 2006b). Although DEET provides an important first line of defense against insect-borne diseases (Fradin and Day, 2002), its oily consistency, unpleasant odor, being a skin irritant, need for frequent re-application, and tendency to damage plastics compromise compliance with recommended use, leading to increased risk from insecttransmitted diseases, as well as irritation and possible infection at bite sites (Fai and Lee, 1996;Gambel et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) increases the synthesis of glutathione S-transferase in cultured mosquito cells

2010

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DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is the active ingredient used in many commonly used insect repellents, but its mode of action remains poorly understood. Efforts to identify properties that could lead to the development of more effective active ingredients have distinguished among DEET's repellent, deterrent, and insecticidal activities. We used an Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line to evaluate DEET's toxicological properties in the absence of sensory input mediated by the olfactory system. When cells were treated with DEET and labeled with [(35)S]methionine/cysteine, a single 25-kDa protein was induced, relative to other proteins, on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The 25-kDa band from DEET-treated cells was enriched in peptides corresponding to glutathione S-transferase D10 and/or theta in the Aedes aegypti genome. Consistent with the increased expression of the labeled protein, DEET-treated cells had increased glutathione S-transferase activity, and the radiolabeled band bound to Sepharose 4B containing reduced glutathione. By analyzing partial tryptic digests, we established that DEET induces the homolog of A. aegypti glutathione S-transferase, class theta, corresponding to protein XP_001658009.1 in the NCBI database. This specific effect of DEET at the subcellular level suggests that DEET induces physiological responses that extend beyond recognition by the peripheral olfactory system.

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“…, Materials and Methods A laboratory colony of trombiculid mites was not available; adult females of a culture of the Tropical Rat Mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti-reasonably convenient to keep in culture (Hawking & Sewell, 1947;Bertram, Unsworth & Gordon, 1946}:---were'used as test mites. The apparatus devised, and described below, resembles in principle that used by Granett, and Sacktor (1947) for testing tick repellents with the tick Amblyommaamericanum, but appears, at least with the rapid-running habit of O. boeoti, to be more satisfactory and sensitive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%