New observables for direct detection of axion dark matter

Graham, Peter W.; Rajendran, Surjeet

doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.035023

Cited by 368 publications

(535 citation statements)

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“…The energy density in these oscillations can be dark matter [15,16]. Other types of light bosons, often called axionlike particles (ALPs), have attracted significant attention [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. These receive a potential (and a mass) from non-QCD sources and are less constrained than the QCD axion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Proposal for a Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr)

et al. 2014

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We propose an experiment to search for QCD axion and axionlike-particle dark matter. Nuclei that are interacting with the background axion dark matter acquire time-varying CP-odd nuclear moments such as an electric dipole moment. In analogy with nuclear magnetic resonance, these moments cause precession of nuclear spins in a material sample in the presence of an electric field. Precision magnetometry can be used to search for such precession. An initial phase of this experiment could cover many orders of magnitude in axionlike-particle parameter space beyond the current astrophysical and laboratory limits. And with established techniques, the proposed experimental scheme has sensitivity to QCD axion masses m a ≲ 10 −9 eV, corresponding to theoretically well-motivated axion decay constants f a ≳ 10 16 GeV. With further improvements, this experiment could ultimately cover the entire range of masses m a ≲ μ eV, complementary to cavity searches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for a Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr)

et al. 2014

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“…This noise would also affect the proposals of ref. [19]. Finally, there are false signals associated with man-made electromagnetic radiation.…”

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“…This method appears best suited to searches for axions in the 10 −4 eV mass range and above. Recent papers [19] propose the application of NMR techniques to axion detection. A sample of spin polarized material acquires a small oscillating transverse polarization as result of the axion dark matter background.…”

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Proposal for Axion Dark Matter Detection Using anLCCircuit

2014

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It is shown that dark matter axions cause an oscillating electric current to flow along magnetic field lines. The oscillating current induced in a strong magnetic field B0 produces a small magnetic field Ba. We propose to amplify and detect Ba using a cooled LC circuit and a very sensitive magnetometer. This appears to be a suitable approach to searching for axion dark matter in the 10 −7 to 10 −9 eV mass range.PACS numbers: 95.35.+d Shortly after the Standard Model of elementary particles was established, the axion was postulated [1] to explain why the strong interactions conserve the discrete symmetries P and CP. Further motivation for the existence of such a particle came from the realization that cold axions are abundantly produced during the QCD phase transition in the early universe and that they may constitute the dark matter [2]. Moreover, it has been claimed recently that axions are the dark matter, at least in part, [3][4][5] because axions form a Bose-Einstein condensate and this property explains the occurrence of caustic rings in galactic halos. The evidence for caustic rings with the properties predicted by axion BEC is summarized in ref. [6]. In supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the dark matter may be a mixture of axions and supersymmetric dark matter candidates [7].Axion properties depend mainly on a single parameter f a , called the axion decay constant. In particular the axion mass (h = c = 1) m a ≃ 6 · 10 −6 eV 10 12 GeV f aand its coupling to two photonswith g = g γ α πfa . Here a(x) is the axion field, E(x) and B(x) the electric and magnetic fields, α the fine structure constant, and g γ a model-dependent coefficient of order one. g γ ≃ −0.97 in the KSVZ model [8] whereas g γ ≃ 0.36 in the DFSZ model [9]. Cold axions are produced during the QCD phase transition, when the axion mass turns on and the axion field begins to oscillate in response. The resulting axion cosmological energy density is proportional to (f a ) 7 6 and, in the simplest case, reaches the critical energy density for closing the universe when f a is of order 10 12 GeV [2]. This suggests that the most promising mass range in axion searches is near 10 −5 eV. This happens to be approximately where the cavity axion detection technique [10] is most feasible and where the ADMX experiment [11] is searching at present.However, it is desirable to search for axion dark matter over the widest possible mass range because the axion mass is, in reality, poorly constrained. In particular, it has been argued that if there is no inflation after the Peccei-Quinn phase transition, the contribution of axion strings to the axion cosmological energy density [12] implies that the preferred mass for dark matter axions is in the 10 −3 to 10 −4 eV mass range [13]. On the other hand, if there is inflation after the Peccei-Quinn phase transition, the axion field gets homogenized during inflation and the homogenized field may accidentally lie close to the minimum of its effective potential [14], in which case axions may be the dark ma...

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“…They also present unique opportunities for fundamental research by being sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The transitions are very sensitive to the temporal variation of the fine structure constant α (α = e 2 /hc) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], to the local Lorentz invariance (LLI) violation [11], the effect of dark matter [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], etc. For example, the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 13 6s 2 2 F o 7/2 transition in Yb + offers opportunities for frequency measurements with fractional accuracy ∼ 10 −18 [1].…”

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Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

Dzuba

Flambaum

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions may significantly increase probabilities of otherwise very weak electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions (e.g. transitions between s and f electron orbitals). These transitions can be used for exceptionally accurate atomic clocks, quantum information processing and search for dark matter. They are very sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model, such as temporal variation of the fine structure constant, the Lorentz invariance and Einstein equivalence principle violation. We formulate conditions under which the hyperfine-induced electric dipole contribution dominates. Due to the hyperfine quenching the electric octupole clock transition in 173 Yb + is two orders of magnitude stronger than that in currently used 171 Electric octupole (E3) and magnetic quadrupole (M2) atomic optical transitions, which correspond to transitions between s and f electron orbitals, can be used as optical clocks of exceptionally high accuracy [1][2][3][4][5]. They also present unique opportunities for fundamental research by being sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The transitions are very sensitive to the temporal variation of the fine structure constant α (α = e 2 /hc) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], to the local Lorentz invariance (LLI) violation [11], the effect of dark matter [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], etc. For example, the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 13 6s 2 2 F o 7/2 transition in Yb + offers opportunities for frequency measurements with fractional accuracy ∼ 10 −18 [1]. The work is in progress in many laboratories [19][20][21]. Measuring the ratio of frequency of this transition to the frequency of the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 14 5d 2 D 3/2 transition in the same ion put the strongest limit on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant and (by including the Cs hyperfine transition) on the proton-to-electron mass ratio [8,9,[22][23][24]. The use of the electric octupole transition in Yb + for the search of LLI violation may lead to five orders of magnitude improvement over current best bounds on the LLI violation in the electron-photon sector [11].Many similar opportunities come with the use of optical transitions in highly-charged ions (HCI) [2][3][4][5]10]. For example, the spectrum of the Ir 17+ ion has been recently measured [25] with the prospect of using the 4f 13 5s 3 F o 4 − 4f 12 5s 2 3 H 6 transition for the time keeping and fundamental research.Electrical octupole and magnetic quadrupole transitions are very weak, typical linewidth can be as small as few nHz. This may lead to certain difficulties in the measurements. In this paper we demonstrate that the electric dipole transition (E1) induced by hyperfine interaction can be significantly larger than the electric octupole or magnetic quadrupole transitions. Therefore, choosing right isotope might be important for the measurements.At least one or more of the following conditions is needed for the domination of the hyperfine-induced E1 transitions.• The hyperfine mixin...

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New observables for direct detection of axion dark matter

Cited by 368 publications

References 101 publications

Proposal for a Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr)

Proposal for a Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr)

Proposal for Axion Dark Matter Detection Using anLCCircuit

Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

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