New Occupational and Environmental Causes of Asthma and Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

Fishwick, David

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2012.07.002

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…As working practices have changed, some causes of OHP have markedly declined (e.g. farmer's lung) while new agents/exposures are emerging . In the last decades, metal working fluids (MWF) have been frequently implicated as a causative agent of HP among machine operators .…”

Section: Causal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosolized water containing various species of bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi generated by ultrasonic humidifiers, air conditioners, hot tubs, steam irons, water‐damaged offices, and water‐related pursuits in general (e.g. swimming pools, hydroponic cultivation) has been increasingly implicated as causing OHP . Awareness of new causal agents is important in helping clinicians to suspect possible causes of OHP.…”

Section: Causal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper

Quirce

Vandenplas

Campo

et al. 2016

Allergy

154

109

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The aim of this document was to provide a critical review of the current knowledge on hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the occupational environment and to propose practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (OHP) is an immunologic lung disease resulting from lymphocytic and frequently granulomatous inflammation of the peripheral airways, alveoli, and surrounding interstitial tissue which develops as the result of a non-IgE-mediated allergic reaction to a variety of organic materials or low molecular weight agents that are present in the workplace. The offending agents can be classified into six broad categories that include bacteria, fungi, animal proteins, plant proteins, low molecular weight chemicals, and metals. The diagnosis of OHP requires a multidisciplinary approach and relies on a combination of diagnostic tests to ascertain the work relatedness of the disease. Both the clinical and the occupational history are keys to the diagnosis and often will lead to the initial suspicion. Diagnostic criteria adapted to OHP are proposed. The cornerstone of treatment is early removal from exposure to the eliciting antigen, although the disease may show an adverse outcome even after avoidance of exposure to the causal agent.

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Section: Causal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper

Quirce

Vandenplas

Campo

et al. 2016

Allergy

154

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Superficial mycoses are characterized by invasion restricted to the stratus corneum and therefore usually not associated with inflammatory or immune responses of the host . Other diseases caused by fungi partially are related to exposure at the workplace . Included in this disease group are hypersensitivity pneumonitis also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis , farmer's lung, bagassosis and mushroom worker's lung, which result from occupational exposure to thermophilic actinomycetes present in hay, bagasse and mushroom compost, respectively .…”

Section: Other Diseases Associated With Fungal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi: the neglected allergenic sources

Crameri

Garbani

Rhyner

et al. 2013

Allergy

172

165

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Allergic diseases are considered the epidemics of the twentieth century estimated to affect more than 30% of the population in industrialized countries with a still increasing incidence. During the past two decades, the application of molecular biology allowed cloning, production and characterization of hundreds of recombinant allergens. In turn, knowledge about molecular, chemical and biologically relevant allergens contributed to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions. It has been largely demonstrated that fungi are potent sources of allergenic molecules covering a vast variety of molecular structures including enzymes, toxins, cell wall components and phylogenetically highly conserved cross-reactive proteins. Despite the large knowledge accumulated and the compelling evidence for an involvement of fungal allergens in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, fungi as a prominent source of allergens are still largely neglected in basic research as well as in clinical practice. This review aims to highlight the impact of fungal allergens with focus on asthma and atopic dermatitis.Allergy is a disease with many faces that can affect different organs like upper and lower respiratory tract, eyes, intestinal tract and the skin. Depending on the affected organ, allergic symptoms manifest as allergic rhinitis (1), allergic asthma (2), IgE-associated atopic dermatitis (3), food allergy (4) or insect venom allergy (5), to mention only the most important ones. The common hallmark of allergic diseases is a switch to the production of allergen-specific IgE raised against normally innocuous environmental allergens (6) that, in special cases, might also cross-react with self-antigens (7,8). At this asymptomatic stage, the individual is sensitized to a given allergenic source due to the presence of allergen-specific IgE in serum, a condition also called 'atopy'. Detection of allergen-specific IgE is considered as a specific biomarker for the atopic state in clinical practice, which allows in most cases a linkage of a symptom to a particular allergen exposure (9). Measurement of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in serum is normally performed with fully automated devices (10) and used to confirm sensitization to a particular allergen in support of a history-based clinical diagnosis of allergy or a symptom-based suspicion. In sensitized (atopic) individuals, however, re-exposure to the offending allergen induces crosslinking of the high-affinity receptor FceRI-bound allergenspecific IgE on effector cells and, thus, immediate release of anaphylactogenic mediators (11). Although the mechanisms leading to allergic reactions (12, 13) and the sources of exposure are quite well known, our knowledge about the repertoire of molecular structures involved in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions is still rudimentary (14) even if it is well recognized that only a minor fraction of the myriad of proteins to which humans are exposed provokes allergic reactions. Bioinfo...

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“…Multivariate Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a rare and complex interstitial lung disease (ILD) triggered by inhaled antigens, with multiple known causative agents. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Treatment is primarily aimed at identifying and avoiding the implicated antigen. 1,10,11 Identifying the off ending antigen, however, is achieved only in about 40% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%