New open source 3-dimensional printed smartphone fundus imaging adaptor

Hu, Albert; Damji, Karim F.

doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.10.017

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As a high performance computer, it can serve to calculate IOL power [36], refractive error [37], or the grading of diabetic retinopathy [38]. With the help of the high-resolution built-in camera, it could be used as a slit-lamp to check eyelid [39], corneal [40], iris [41], etc., and as a fundus photography to examine retina [42]. As an intelligent interactive instrument, it can be used to assist eye exercising, such as amblyopia treatment [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Stereopsis of Children Using an Autostereoscopic Smartphone

Yang

2019

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background The advantage of using an autostereoscopic smartphone is that it can achieve 3D effects without the need for glasses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this technology could be utilized to detect stereoacuity. Methods An autostereoscopic smartphone was used to imitate Lang stereotest I & II, Pass Test 3, Dinosaur Stereoacuity Test, and the Random Dot Stereo Acuity Test to screen the stereopsis of children from 3–6 years old. Results No significant difference was found between each pair of groups (autostereoscopic smartphone vs. Lang stereotest I, Lang stereotest II, Pass Test 3, Dinosaur Stereoacuity Test, and Random Dot Stereo Acuity Test, respectively; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P value all >0.05). All of the weighted kappa were higher than 0.84. Therefore, all of the comparisons between measurements showed a high level of agreement. Conclusions The autostereoscopic smartphone is an effective tool when used for the screening of deficiency in stereopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Stereopsis of Children Using an Autostereoscopic Smartphone

Yang

2019

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…For example, two apparatuses, Peek Retina 3 and D-EYE, 4 are based on principles of direct ophthalmoscopy whereas another apparatus, the Paxos scope, 5 is based on the indirect ophthalmoscope and fixes the condenser lens in place. In recent years, more options for the indirect ophthalmoscopy smartphone technique have been produced, such as an open-source 3D printable apparatus by Dr. Albert Hu 6 or a smartphone head mount to simulate indirect ophthalmoscopy. 7 The design of these commercially available apparatuses is of critical importance, allowing for variable fields of view, working distance, dilation dependency, and smartphone compatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teaching Smartphone Funduscopy with 20 Diopter Lens in Undergraduate Medical Education

Kohler¹,

Tran²,

Sun³

et al. 2021

OPTH

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To assess attitudes of pre-clinical undergraduate medical students toward learning smartphone funduscopy (SF) and its appropriateness as a teaching tool. Patients and Methods: Second year medical students received instruction on direct ophthalmoscopy (DO) and SF; they were then paired with a peer and randomly assigned to perform DO or SF first. The SF technique involved freehand alignment of the axes of the smartphone camera with a condenser lens. Both techniques were done through a maximally dilated pupil. A questionnaire was completed to acquire data on baseline experience, performance of both examination techniques, attitudes, and appropriateness. Statistical significance testing and Bland-Altman analysis were used to determine differences between DO and SF, and a multivariable mixed regression model was fitted to identify any predictors for positive attitudes toward DO or SF. Results: One hundred thirty-seven (137) individuals completed the study. A similar proportion of students could identify the optic nerve, macula, and vessels using DO and SF. However, self-reported quality scores were higher for DO for the optic nerve (p = 0.006) and macula (p = 0.08). The mean (standard deviation) attempts to identify these major structures were 2.7 (SD 2.3) for DO and 4.5 (SD 2.9) for SF (p < 0.001). Attitudes of students were consistently more positive toward DO across the five questions assessed. A small subset of students had equally positive attitudes toward DO and SF. Improved quality scores were predictive of positive attitudes for both DO and SF. Ultimately, 24% of students preferred SF over DO. Conclusion: Among inexperienced examiners of the fundus through a dilated pupil, SF is a non-inferior technique to DO in identifying structures. Despite overall favorable attitudes towards the more familiar DO, those students who quickly learned the SF technique had similar satisfaction scores. Teaching SF should be considered in undergraduate medical education.

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“…75 Such that, fabrication of selfpositioned smartphone-based fundus cameras are accomplished by utilizing the 3D printing technology. 23,25,46 3D printing is the process of creating a 3D physical object as per the digital 3D CAD model through a material deposition of layer-by-layer manufacturing method. 9,43,47,80 Potential applications of 3D printing provide a severe impact on medical field, especially in ophthalmology sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Printed Smartphone-Based Multi-Purpose Fundus Camera (MultiScope) for Retinopathy of Prematurity

Pugalendhi¹,

Ranganathan²

2021

Ann Biomed Eng

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Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a prominent source of low vision and blindness in preterm babies. Wide-Field Digital Retinal Imaging (WFDRI) systems acquire accurate digital images which are very useful for identification, documentation and transmitting the various retinal diseases. This telemedicine technique has potential for an alternative tool for Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO) in ROP screening, but it is very expensive and accessibility for poor communities is limited. Capabilities of good illumination, high resolution camera and processing speed of the modern smartphones are being identified as a substitute. Potential applications of 3D printing is that it provides a severe impact in medical field, especially in ophthalmology sector. Competences of 3D printing are very useful for the development of retinal camera from any smartphone with the help of 3D printable devices. The primary aim of this study is to develop a handheld 3D printed smartphone-based multi-purpose fundus camera for ROP screening. The secondary aim is to check the feasibility and compare the digital fundus images obtained from the developed fundus camera against the commercial RetCam imaging. The proposed cost effective and remote reading device is an alternative to WFDRI for ROP screening and can improve the potential of ROP care for low resource communities.

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New open source 3-dimensional printed smartphone fundus imaging adaptor

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Screening for Stereopsis of Children Using an Autostereoscopic Smartphone

Screening for Stereopsis of Children Using an Autostereoscopic Smartphone

Teaching Smartphone Funduscopy with 20 Diopter Lens in Undergraduate Medical Education

Development of 3D Printed Smartphone-Based Multi-Purpose Fundus Camera (MultiScope) for Retinopathy of Prematurity

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