New particle formation from the oxidation of direct emissions of pine seedlings

Hao, Liqing; Yli‐Pirilä, Pasi; Tiitta, Petri; Romakkaniemi, Sami; Vaattovaara, P.; Kajos, M. K.; Rinne, Janne; Heijari, Juha; Kortelainen, A.; Miettinen, Pasi; Kroll, J. H.; Holopainen, Jarmo K.; Smith, James N.; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Kulmala, Markku; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Laaksonen, A.

doi:10.5194/acp-9-8121-2009

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The experimental systems have been described previously in Hao et al (2009). A short description of the facility and experimental procedure is presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the OH-dominated cases, tetramethylethylene (TME; 99+%, Aldrich) was added to increase the OH levels (Lambe et al, 2007). As described in Hao et al (2009), O 3 -initiated chemistry includes three OH + O 3 simultaneously initiated experiments in which the contribution fraction from ozonolysis reactivity is more than 50%; and one ozonolysis experiment where 2-butanol was added as an OH scavenger. The 2-butanol concentration was ∼600 times higher than that of the terpenes so that the reaction rate of OH with the scavenger exceeded that of OH with the parent hydrocarbons by a factor of 100 (Keywood, et al, 2004;Docherty et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be especially true for chemically complex aerosol formed from BVOC oxidation. In order to mimic more realistic atmospheric conditions, recent studies have been carried out to investigate SOA formation using direct biogenic emissions in the laboratory, varying from macroalgae (McFiggans et al, 2004), herbaceous plant white cabbage (Joutsensaari et al, 2005;Pinto et al, 2007) to the woody plant, oak and loblolly pine (Lang-Yona et al, 2010;VanReken et al, 2006) and silver birch, Scots pine and Norway spruce Hao et al, 2009;Kiendler-Scharr et al, 2009a, b;Vaattovaara et al, 2009;Virtanen et al, 2010). Most of these studies focused on the phenomenon of new particle formation, rarely reporting SOA mass yields Lang-Yona et al, 2010).…”

Section: Q Hao Et Al: Mass Yields Of Secondary Organic Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass yields of secondary organic aerosols from the oxidation of α-pinene and real plant emissions

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a significant source of global secondary organic aerosol (SOA); however, quantifying their aerosol forming potential remains a challenge. This study presents smog chamber laboratory work, focusing on SOA formation via oxidation of the emissions of two dominant tree species from boreal forest area, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), by hydroxyl radical (OH) and ozone (O 3 ). Oxidation of α-pinene was also studied as a reference system. Tetramethylethylene (TME) and 2-butanol were added to control OH and O 3 levels, thereby allowing SOA formation events to be categorized as resulting from either OHdominated or O 3 -initiated chemistry. SOA mass yields from α-pinene are consistent with previous studies while the yields from the real plant emissions are generally lower than that from α-pinene, varying from 1.9% at an aerosol mass loading of 0.69 µg m −3 to 17.7% at 26.0 µg m −3 . Mass yields from oxidation of real plant emissions are subject to the interactive effects of the molecular structures of plant emissions and their reaction chemistry with OH and O 3 , which Correspondence to: L. Q. Hao (hao.liqing@uef.fi) lead to variations in condensable product volatility. SOA formation can be reproduced with a two-product gas-phase partitioning absorption model in spite of differences in the source of oxidant species and product volatility in the real plant emission experiments. Condensable products from OH-dominated chemistry showed a higher volatility than those from O 3 -initiated systems during aerosol growth stage. Particulate phase products became less volatile via aging process which continued after input gas-phase oxidants had been completely consumed.

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“…The experimental systems have been described previously in Hao et al (2009). A short description of the facility and experimental procedure is presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q Hao Et Al: Mass Yields Of Secondary Organic Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass yields of secondary organic aerosols from the oxidation of α-pinene and real plant emissions

et al. 2011

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“…The use of direct emissions from plants is a way of progressing towards more realistic experimental simulations. Recently a number of setups implementing the use of direct plant emissions in atmospheric chemistry experiments have emerged, ranging from the investigation of BVOC oxidation within a greenhouse (Pinto et al, 2007;Joutsensaari et al, 2005) to designs implementing two separate chambers for independent variation of emission and oxidation conditions (Timkovsky et al, 2014;Wyche et al, 2014;Hao et al, 2009;Mentel et al, 2009;VanReken et al, 2006).…”

Section: T Hohaus Et Al: the New Plant Chamber Facility Plusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new plant chamber facility, PLUS, coupled to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR

Hohaus¹,

Kühn

Andres³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. A new PLant chamber Unit for Simulation (PLUS)for use with the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) has been built and characterized at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany. The PLUS chamber is an environmentally controlled flow-through plant chamber. Inside PLUS the natural blend of biogenic emissions of trees is mixed with synthetic air and transferred to the SAPHIR chamber, where the atmospheric chemistry and the impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can be studied in detail. In PLUS all important environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil relative humidity (RH)) are well controlled. The gas exchange volume of 9.32 m 3 which encloses the stem and the leaves of the plants is constructed such that gases are exposed to only fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film and other Teflon surfaces to minimize any potential losses of BVOCs in the chamber. Solar radiation is simulated using 15 light-emitting diode (LED) panels, which have an emission strength up to 800 µmol m −2 s −1 . Results of the initial characterization experiments are presented in detail. Background concentrations, mixing inside the gas exchange volume, and transfer rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through PLUS under different humidity conditions are explored. Typical plant characteristics such as light-and temperature-dependent BVOC emissions are studied using six Quercus ilex trees and compared to previous studies. Results of an initial ozonolysis experiment of BVOC emissions from Quercus ilex at typical atmospheric concentrations inside SAPHIR are presented to demonstrate a typical experimental setup and the utility of the newly added plant chamber.

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“…To obtain more realistic emission scenarios in laboratory environments it is of eminent importance to use plants as a direct source for aerosol precursors. Such experiments realistically integrate the diverse aspects of the large diversity of compounds in the atmosphere as compared to experiments with individual compounds (McFiggans et al, 2004;Joutsensaari et al, 2005;VanReken et al, 2006;KiendlerScharr et al, 2009a, b;Mentel et al, 2009;Hao et al, 2009Hao et al, , 2011Lang-Yona et al, 2010). We investigated the new particle formation and secondary organic aerosol mass formed from poplar emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprene in poplar emissions: effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations

Kiendler‐Scharr¹,

Andres²,

Bachner³

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Stress-induced volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from transgenic Grey poplar modified in isoprene emission potential were used for the investigation of photochemical secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In poplar, acute ozone stress induces the emission of a wide array of VOCs dominated by sesquiterpenes and aromatic VOCs. Constitutive light-dependent emission of isoprene ranged between 66 nmol m −2 s −1 in non-transgenic controls (wild type WT) and nearly zero (<0.5 nmol m −2 s −1 ) in isoprene emission-repressed plants (line RA22), respectively. Nucleation rates of up to 3600 cm −3 s −1 were observed in our experiments. In the presence of isoprene new particle formation was suppressed compared to non-isoprene containing VOC mixtures. Compared to isoprene/monoterpene systems emitted from other plants the suppression of nucleation by isoprene was less effective for the VOC mixture emitted from stressed poplar. This is explained by the observed high efficiency of new particle formation for emissions from stressed poplar. Direct measurements of OH in the reaction chamber revealed that the steady state concentration of OH is lower in the presence of isoprene than in the absence of isoprene, supporting the hypothesis that isoprenes' suppressing effect on nucleation is related to radical chemistry. In order to test whether isoprene contributes to SOA mass formation, fully deuterated isoprene (C 5 D 8 ) was added to the stress-induced emission profile of an isoprene free poplar mutant. Mass spectral analysis showed that, despite the isoprene-induced suppression of particle formation, fractions of deuterated isoprene were incorporated into the SOA. A fractional mass yield of 2.3 % of isoprene was observed. Future emission changes due to land use and climate change may therefore affect both gas phase oxidation capacity and new particle number formation.

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New particle formation from the oxidation of direct emissions of pine seedlings

Cited by 71 publications

References 78 publications

Mass yields of secondary organic aerosols from the oxidation of α-pinene and real plant emissions

Mass yields of secondary organic aerosols from the oxidation of α-pinene and real plant emissions

A new plant chamber facility, PLUS, coupled to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR

Isoprene in poplar emissions: effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations

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