New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions

Kiendler‐Scharr, Astrid; Wildt, J.; Maso, Miikka Dal; Hohaus, Thorsten; Kleist, E.; Mentel, Thomas F.; Tillmann, Ralf; Uerlings, Ricarda; Schurr, Uli; Wahner, Andreas

doi:10.1038/nature08292

Cited by 275 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Mass spectral analysis showed that fractions of isoprene were incorporated in the SOA formed from the other BVOC. Suppression of nucleation by isoprene was similar to that described for isoprene/MT systems (Kiendler-Scharr et al, 2009b). However, compared to isoprene/MT systems the suppression of nucleation by isoprene was less effective for the VOC mixture emitted from stressed poplar.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…As has been shown by Kiendler-Scharr et al (2009b) the presence of isoprene in VOCs emitted from trees suppresses new particle formation. Kiendler-Scharr et al (2009b) presented a simple parameterization to describe the suppression as function of relative concentration of isoprene in the BVOC mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…It was proposed previously that an increase in biogenic VOC emissions in response to increasing temperatures will increase atmospheric SOA formation, which in turn can lead to an increased negative forcing induced by atmospheric aerosol particles (Kulmala et al, 2004). As was shown by Kiendler-Scharr et al (2009b) changes in emission patterns can drastically change the new particle formation potential of VOC mixtures. Future SOA formation from biogenic VOCs will therefore not only depend on the total amount of VOCs emitted from an ecosystem but also on the relative abundance of certain VOC or VOC-classes in the emission mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recent literature points out that isoprene -the most important single VOC emitted from land vegetation -is poorly understood both in terms of gas phase oxidation mechanism (Lelieveld et al, 2008;Hofzumahaus et al, 2009;Paulot et al, 2009;Peeters and Müller, 2010) and its impact on new particle formation (Kiendler-Scharr et al, 2009b). Observations of atmospheric OH concentrations indicate that under low NO x conditions isoprene may be involved in a so far unidentified recycling mechanism that converts HO 2 into OH 1022 A. Kiendler-Scharr et al: Effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations without involving ozone formation (Tan et al, 2001;Thornton et al, 2002;Ren et al, 2008;Lelieveld et al, 2008;Hofzumahaus et al, 2009;Whalley et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations of atmospheric OH concentrations indicate that under low NO x conditions isoprene may be involved in a so far unidentified recycling mechanism that converts HO 2 into OH 1022 A. Kiendler-Scharr et al: Effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations without involving ozone formation (Tan et al, 2001;Thornton et al, 2002;Ren et al, 2008;Lelieveld et al, 2008;Hofzumahaus et al, 2009;Whalley et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2011). Contrary, suppression of new particle formation by isoprene was ascribed to its suppression of OH concentrations (Kiendler-Scharr et al, 2009b). Recent field observations also indicate a suppression of particle formation by isoprene (Kanawade et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isoprene in poplar emissions: effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations

Kiendler‐Scharr¹,

Andres²,

Bachner³

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Stress-induced volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from transgenic Grey poplar modified in isoprene emission potential were used for the investigation of photochemical secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In poplar, acute ozone stress induces the emission of a wide array of VOCs dominated by sesquiterpenes and aromatic VOCs. Constitutive light-dependent emission of isoprene ranged between 66 nmol m −2 s −1 in non-transgenic controls (wild type WT) and nearly zero (<0.5 nmol m −2 s −1 ) in isoprene emission-repressed plants (line RA22), respectively. Nucleation rates of up to 3600 cm −3 s −1 were observed in our experiments. In the presence of isoprene new particle formation was suppressed compared to non-isoprene containing VOC mixtures. Compared to isoprene/monoterpene systems emitted from other plants the suppression of nucleation by isoprene was less effective for the VOC mixture emitted from stressed poplar. This is explained by the observed high efficiency of new particle formation for emissions from stressed poplar. Direct measurements of OH in the reaction chamber revealed that the steady state concentration of OH is lower in the presence of isoprene than in the absence of isoprene, supporting the hypothesis that isoprenes' suppressing effect on nucleation is related to radical chemistry. In order to test whether isoprene contributes to SOA mass formation, fully deuterated isoprene (C 5 D 8 ) was added to the stress-induced emission profile of an isoprene free poplar mutant. Mass spectral analysis showed that, despite the isoprene-induced suppression of particle formation, fractions of deuterated isoprene were incorporated into the SOA. A fractional mass yield of 2.3 % of isoprene was observed. Future emission changes due to land use and climate change may therefore affect both gas phase oxidation capacity and new particle number formation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Isoprene in poplar emissions: effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations

Kiendler‐Scharr¹,

Andres²,

Bachner³

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Isoprene suppression of new particle formation: Potential mechanisms and implications

et al. 2016

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Secondary aerosols formed from anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions have substantial impacts on human health, air quality, and the Earth's climate. New particle formation (NPF) contributes up to 70% of the global production of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but the effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and their oxidation products on NPF processes in forests are poorly understood. Observations show that isoprene, the most abundant BVOC, suppresses NPF in forests. But the previously proposed chemical mechanism underlying this suppression process contradicts atmospheric observations. By reviewing observations made in other forests, it is clear that NPF rarely takes place during the summer when emissions of isoprene are high, even though there are sufficient concentrations of monoterpenes. But at present it is not clear how isoprene and its oxidation products may change the oxidation chemistry of terpenes and how NOx and other atmospheric key species affect NPF in forest environments. Future laboratory experiments with chemical speciation of gas phase nucleation precursors and clusters and chemical composition of particles smaller than 10 nm are required to understand the role of isoprene in NPF. Our results show that climate models can overpredict aerosol's first indirect effect when not considering the absence of NPF in the southeastern U.S. forests during the summer using the current nucleation algorithm that includes only sulfuric acid and total concentrations of low‐volatility organic compounds. This highlights the importance of understanding NPF processes as function of temperature, relative humidity, and BVOC compositions to make valid predictions of NPF and CCN at a wide range of atmospheric conditions.

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Using satellite‐based measurements to explore spatiotemporal scales and variability of drivers of new particle formation

et al. 2016

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New particle formation (NPF) can potentially alter regional climate by increasing aerosol particle (hereafter particle) number concentrations and ultimately cloud condensation nuclei. The large scales on which NPF is manifest indicate potential to use satellite‐based (inherently spatially averaged) measurements of atmospheric conditions to diagnose the occurrence of NPF and NPF characteristics. We demonstrate the potential for using satellite‐based measurements of insolation (UV), trace gas concentrations (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), formaldehyde (HCHO), and ozone (O3)), aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE)), and a proxy of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (leaf area index (LAI) and temperature (T)) as predictors for NPF characteristics: formation rates, growth rates, survival probabilities, and ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations at five locations across North America. NPF at all sites is most frequent in spring, exhibits a one‐day autocorrelation, and is associated with low condensational sink (AOD × AE) and HCHO concentrations, and high UV. However, there are important site‐to‐site variations in NPF frequency and characteristics, and in which of the predictor variables (particularly gas concentrations) significantly contribute to the explanatory power of regression models built to predict those characteristics. This finding may provide a partial explanation for the reported spatial variability in skill of simple generalized nucleation schemes in reproducing observed NPF. In contrast to more simple proxies developed in prior studies (e.g., based on AOD, AE, SO2, and UV), use of additional predictors (NO2, NH3, HCHO, LAI, T, and O3) increases the explained temporal variance of UFP concentrations at all sites.

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New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions

Cited by 275 publications

References 27 publications

Isoprene in poplar emissions: effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations

Isoprene in poplar emissions: effects on new particle formation and OH concentrations

Isoprene suppression of new particle formation: Potential mechanisms and implications

Using satellite‐based measurements to explore spatiotemporal scales and variability of drivers of new particle formation

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