“…Recently, the low bandwidth at 700 MHz, the mid bandwidth (3.4–3.8 GHz), and the upper bandwidth (24.25–27.5 GHz) for millimeter-wave are being identified for fifth-generation (5G) spectrum by the office of communications (Ofcom) [ 25 ]. Microstrip BPFs are applied to reduce the interference signals in many 4G and 5G applications [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. For microstrip BPFs, the number of poles and zeros, input and output external quality factors, coupling coefficients and the configuration of the resonators are vital features to define the filter performance [ 40 ].…”