New poly(o-phenylenediamine)/modified-clay nanocomposites: A study on spectral, thermal, morphological and electrochemical characteristics

Abstract

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of new poly(o-phenylenediamine (PoPD)/modified-clay nanocomposite materials. For the synthesis, the raw clay (named as Mag) used in this study was from Maghnia (west Algeria), (Mag) clay was ion-exchanged with cobalt(II) sulfate hydrate and copper sulfate. The modified-clays were then dispersed in a oPD monomer-containing acidic solution to carry out in-situ intercalative oxidative polymerization by ammonium persulfate. XRF and XRD characterization reveal the success of ion-exchange to form highly intercalated Mag-Co and Mag-Cu clays. After polymerization, the disappearance of the interlayer-spacing diffraction peak for the PoPD-Mag-Cu and PoPD-Mag-Co nanocomposites points out fully exfoliation of the clay structure. The formation of intercalated PoPD into modified-clay nanocomposites was confirmed by XRD, TEM, TG analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and UV-vis studies. The nanocomposites show optical properties and the redox processes observed by cyclic voltammetry indicate that the reported polymerization into modified-clays leads to electroactive hybrid materials. All these properties make these polymer/clay nanocomposites attractive materials for multiple applications.

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties of Oxo Methacrylate-Containing Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

“…Table 1 summarizes some of the thermal data of nanocomposites at different temperatures, such as weight loss% and residual ash. Similar approaches observed for polymer/clay nanocomposites have been reported in different studies [10,[13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…As seen in the SEM micrographs, the clay was dispersed in the polymer matrix, and particle sizes are close to each other. This exfoliated structure was observed in the XRD results and confirmed with the help of SEM effects [10,15,17,[19][20][21].…”

“…The distribution of the polymer between the layers of the clay causes that a clear XRD peak in the nanocomposites to be unreadable. The absence of component-specific peaks in nanocomposite materials can be explained by the fact that the polymer is intercalated between clay layers and clay layers become so irregular that they cannot give an XRD signal [10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21], clear XRD peak is not observed, and therefore it can be considered as an exfoliated structure. In addition, all peaks present in the XRD curve of the clays are not observed in the nanocomposites.…”

Synthesis and characterization of polymer/V2O5 composites based on poly(2‐aminodiphenylamine)

“…The first band at approximately 311 nm is assigned to the π–π* transition of aromatic in the polymer chain. [ 41 ] In case of poly‐PD/V 2 O 5 , it is clearly observed a shifting towards the blue region at 307 nm. However, the second absorption band at around approximately 600 nm wavelength, related to the quinone imine ring [ 42 ] and this band is shifted to 503 nm for poly‐PD/V 2 O 5 .…”

Synthesis and Impedance Spectroscopy of Poly(p-phenylenediamine)/Montmorillonite Composites

“…Ramya et al studied the nonlinear optical properties of chitosan/ o - or p -phenylenediamine/MMT composites by the Z-scan technique with picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses and revealed properties that make this material suitable for optical limiters [ 15 ]. Khelifa et al examined the electrochemical properties of poly ( o -phenylenediamie)/clay composites by cyclic voltammetry [ 28 ]. However, polyphenylenediamine/clay composites have still been described in the literature to a limited extent and impedance spectroscopy of them has not been yet reported.…”