New prospects in the political economy of inner-Caspian hydrocarbons and western energy corridor through Turkey

Geopolitics of European natural gas demand: Supplies from Russia, Caspian and the Middle East

“…Moreover, intertwining Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan by a trans-Caspian pipeline, which goes to Europe via Turkey, would expand the secure zone in the European neighborhood. However, Turkmenistan is still unconvinced due to its rising commitments to Russia (which has agreed to increase natural gas prices it has been importing from Turkmenistan) and to China (Bilgin, 2003(Bilgin, , 2007.…”

“…423-442). This paper will elaborate how European energy grid might include new suppliers from Caspian and the Middle East (Bilgin, 2005(Bilgin, , 2007Remme et al, 2008Remme et al, , pp. 1622Remme et al, -1642.…”

Oil at 150$—The tipping point for changing course of civilizations?

“…In the similar way, unless we change our beliefs and values about the world at large, our political systems will be unable to introduce required institutional changes that would guide investment and consumption choices towards socially desirable 6 If we exclude CERA's optimistic estimates of an undulating plateau between 2030 and 2055 year after which oil production starts declining [32].…”

“…In any case, 6 it appears that we are close to the point where our growing demand for oil will meet permanently shrinking supply -a change that will trigger a process of world-wide adaptations to new boundary conditions. As Hirsch [25,26] pointed out, governments should initiate mitigation crash program about 20 years before forecasted peaking of oil production.…”

Simulating Security of Supply Effects of the Nabucco and South Stream Projects for the European Natural Gas Market

“…The problems arising in the context of suppliers for the Nabucco pipeline are often discussed. (Bilgin (2009) and Bilgin (2007)) The Nabucco pipeline will only be built if enough volumes are contracted. The political default risk of supplies however is difficult to estimate and will depend on the suppliers.…”