New Results on the Fluctuating Two-Ray Model With Arbitrary Fading Parameters and Its Applications

Zhang, Jiayi; Zeng, Wen; Xu, Long; Sun, Qiang; Peppas, Kostas P.

doi:10.1109/tvt.2017.2766784

Cited by 109 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The asymptotic average capacity under Rayleigh fading is obtained [19] by setting L Ray = log 2 (e) · γ e in (6), where γ e = 0.577215... is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. Hence, the condition in (12) can be expressed from (6) as…”

Section: Quantifying the Hyper-rayleigh Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When conditioned to ζ the instantaneous SNR under FTR fading is distributed according to the TWDP distribution. This observation allowed to fully characterize the PDF and CDF under FTR fading with arbitrary real m by either an inverse Laplace transform over the MGF [5] or in the form of an infinite mixture of gamma PDFs/CDFs [6]. Additional simplified forms were available for the specific case of m being an integer, as well as simple closed-form approximations [5].…”

Section: A System Model For Ftr Fadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two dominant waves are often referred to as line-of-sight (LoS) in a wide sense. Right after its inception, the research interest on the FTR fading model has been intense, providing further generalizations of it and characterizing the performance of wireless communication systems operating under FTR fading channels [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unveiling the Hyper-Rayleigh Regime of the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model

et al. 2019

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The recently proposed Fluctuating Two-Ray (FTR) model is gaining momentum as a reference fading model in scenarios where two dominant specular waves are present. Despite the numerous research works devoted to the performance analysis under FTR fading, little attention has been paid to effectively understanding the interplay between the fading model parameters and the fading severity. According to a new scale defined in this work, which measures the hyper-Rayleigh character of a fading channel in terms of the Amount of Fading, the outage probability and the average capacity, we see that the FTR fading model exhibits a full hyper-Rayleigh behavior. However, the Two-Wave with Diffuse Power fading model from which the former is derived has only strong hyper-Rayleigh behavior, which constitutes an interesting new insight. We also identify that the random fluctuations in the dominant specular waves are ultimately responsible for the full hyper-Rayleigh behavior of this class of fading channels.

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Section: Quantifying the Hyper-rayleigh Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A System Model For Ftr Fadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the Hyper-Rayleigh Regime of the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore of interest are vehicular communication scenarios on highways and motorways, where FD-MIMO beamforming can be employed for multi-user transmission between road-side access points and vehicles as described in [45]. Notice also that channel fading models that contain only two dominant specular components in addition to weak diffuse background scattering, such as the two-wave diffuse power (TWDP), generalized tworay (GRT), and fluctuating two-ray (FRT) fading models [46][47][48][49][50], are well suited to capture the behavior of channel measurements conducted in the millimeter wave band [49,51], suggesting that millimeter wave transmissions are in many cases well characterized by few specular components. Importantly, in the millimeter wave band, even relatively low mobility of users (pedestrians) causes significant time selectivity of the channel due to the small wavelength; hence, CSIT becomes outdated even faster.…”

Section: Targeted Deployment Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust full-dimension MIMO transmission based on limited feedback angular-domain CSIT

Schwarz

2018

J Wireless Com Network

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In this paper, we propose robust multi-user beamforming and precoding techniques for full-dimension MIMO transmission based on limited feedback. We propose to employ an over-complete basis decomposition in the angular domain to approximate the channel matrices as sums of few dominant specular components, facilitating efficient channel state information (CSI) quantization at the users. The selected expansion vectors of such a sparse approximation, parametrized by azimuth and elevation angles, are relatively robust with respect to channel estimation errors as well as channel variations over time. Based on this CSI feedback, we propose incoherent beamforming/precoding methods that make use only of the azimuth and elevation angles as well as the norm of the expansion coefficients and do not rely on coherent multipath interference to eliminate inter-user interference. Our optimization aims at maximizing the signal power or the achievable rate of a user, while limiting the amount of interference leakage caused to other users. To further improve robustness, we account for uncertainty in the angular channel decomposition in the proposed precoder optimization.

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“…3 To better understand technology bottlenecks at high frequencies, one must have an accurate and pertinent fading channel model that closely tracks the channel behavior at those frequencies. Accordingly, numerous channel measurements and modeling campaigns have recently been working on outdoor mmWave band propagation, including other works [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and references therein. The resulting channel measurements have shown significant channel behavior differences between mmWave band and below 6 GHz frequency bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of maximum ratio combining of fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) mmWave channels for 5G and beyond communications

Olyaee

Eslami

Haghighat

2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Recently, a millimeter‐wave band channel model for fifth generation and beyond communications, called fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) model, has been introduced, which accurately tracks the behavior of wireless communication links in that band. In this paper, the performance of maximum ratio combining (MRC) of signals received through independent FTR channels is evaluated. Closed‐form expressions for the probability distribution of the signal‐to‐noise ratio at the output of the MRC combiner, outage probability of the system, and a tight upper bound for average bit error probability are derived. From the results obtained, it is shown that MRC for FTR channels achieves the same diversity order as MRC for Rayleigh fading, and equal to the number of diversity branches. Additionally, the effects of the FTR fading model parameters on the system performance have been investigated via numerical results obtained from analytical derivations. Comparison between analytical and simulation results show that they are in excellent agreement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the performance of MRC for FTR channels.

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New Results on the Fluctuating Two-Ray Model With Arbitrary Fading Parameters and Its Applications

Cited by 109 publications

References 15 publications

Unveiling the Hyper-Rayleigh Regime of the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model

Unveiling the Hyper-Rayleigh Regime of the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model

Robust full-dimension MIMO transmission based on limited feedback angular-domain CSIT

Performance of maximum ratio combining of fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) mmWave channels for 5G and beyond communications

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