New Route for Microcapsule Synthesis

Nordstierna, Lars; Movahedi, Alireza; Nydén, Magnus

doi:10.1080/01932691003659387

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Most booster biocides do not contain a strong ligand moiety for coordination chemistry. We have therefore developed more generic release systems based on polymeric poly(methyl methacrylate) microcapsules [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] with some novel advances involving ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayers for sustained release [53,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. However, in order to maintain protection against fouling, it is important that the biocide concentration reaches high enough concentrations at the coating surface (see Scheme 2).…”

Section: Triggered Release and Imidazole-cu 2+mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have functionalized PMMA with imidazole moieties by simple copolymerization using AIBN as initiator (see Scheme 8). Copolymers of MMA (methylmethacrylate) and 1-VIm (1-vinylimidazole or N-vinylimidazole) (poly(1-VIm-co-MMA, or poly(N-VIm-co-MMA) abbreviated PVM) [47] as well as 4-VIm (4-vinylimidazole) (poly(4-VIm-co-MMA) were polymerized using conventional AIBN radical polymerization (see Scheme 8) with the rationale of functionalizing PMMA which is the most commonly used microcapsule shell material [47,[57][58][59]63] (see Section 1.1). The polymerization results in statistical copolymers with a higher reactivity ratio for MMA compared with 1-VIm as demonstrated by Wu et al [130].…”

Section: Imidazole Functionalization a Popular Technique Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imidazole and Triazole Coordination Chemistry for Antifouling Coatings

Trojer

Movahedi

Blanck

et al. 2013

Journal of Chemistry

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Fouling of marine organisms on the hulls of ships is a severe problem for the shipping industry. Many antifouling agents are based on five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, in particular imidazoles and triazoles. Moreover, imidazole and triazoles are strong ligands for Cu2+and Cu+, which are both potent antifouling agents. In this review, we summarize a decade of work within our groups concerning imidazole and triazole coordination chemistry for antifouling applications with a particular focus on the very potent antifouling agentmedetomidine. The entry starts by providing a detailed theoretical description of the azole-metal coordination chemistry. Some attention will be given to ways to functionalize polymers with azole ligands. Then, the effect of metal coordination in azole-containing polymers with respect to material properties will be discussed. Our work concerning the controlled release of antifouling agents, in particular medetomidine, using azole coordination chemistry will be reviewed. Finally, an outlook will be given describing the potential for tailoring the azole ligand chemistry in polymers with respect to Cu2+adsorption and Cu2+→Cu+reduction for antifouling coatings without added biocides.

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Section: Triggered Release and Imidazole-cu 2+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imidazole Functionalization a Popular Technique Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazole and Triazole Coordination Chemistry for Antifouling Coatings

Trojer

Movahedi

Blanck

et al. 2013

Journal of Chemistry

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“…1,9,[143][144][145][146] These systems are difficult to control since the hydrophobic active usually has a significant solubility in the shell barrier. 1,143 To circumvent this problem, we investigated the use of additional hydrophilic barriers in which the hydrophobic actives had a very low solubility.…”

Section: Polymeric Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of actives for sustained release

Trojer

Nordstierna

Nordin

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Encapsulation of actives in miniature reservoirs, called microcapsules, is used for protection and in particular controlled release of the active. Regarding controlled release applications, the most common function of the microcapsule is to sustain or extend the release of the active. A number of encapsulation methodologies are available including; internal phase separation, interfacial polymerization, formation of multiple emulsions, Layer-by-Layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes and soft templating techniques, all of which are reviewed in this Perspective. The choice of method depends on the nature of the active (hydrophilic/hydrophobic, size, physical state) and on the intended release rate and release profile. Ways to manipulate the release of the active by tailoring the physicochemical properties of the microcapsule are reviewed. Moreover, appropriate diffusion models are introduced to describe the release profile from a variety of microcapsule morphologies, including Fickian diffusion models and Brownian motion, and the meaning and the misuse of the term "zero-order release" are briefly discussed.

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“…7,14,15 Although polymer systems have benefits with regard to their versatility in terms of colloid and interface chemistry one can also find drawbacks, often related to the soft matter structure, and long-term release over years is difficult to achieve. Examples are the effects of microscopic porosity, 13,14 high burst release, 12 polydisperse sizes and structures 3 but also toxic and volatile solvents 16 used in intermediate formulation steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of titanium dioxide core–shell microcapsules through a binary-phase spray technique

Bergek

Elgh

Palmqvist

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Core-shell microcapsules consisting of a titanium dioxide shell and a hydrophobic solvent core have been prepared with diameters of a few micrometers and a narrow size distribution using a simple and fast airbrush technique. These microcapsules were prepared at room temperature in a single-step process in which an oil with a dissolved titanium alkoxide precursor was forced together with an aqueous solution, containing a surface-active polymer, through a narrow spray nozzle using a nitrogen gas propellant. Several different parameters of chemical, physical, and processing origin were investigated to find an optimal recipe. Two different alkanes, one ketone, and four alcohols were tested and evaluated as core materials, alone or together with the antifungal biocide 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT). Long-chain alcohols were found suitable as core oil due to their low solubility in water and surface activity. The addition of the surface-active polymers in the water phase was important in aiding the formation and stabilization of the titanium dioxide shell. An impressive loading of 50 wt% of the semi-hydrophobic OIT was possible to encapsulate using this simple and applicable procedure.

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New Route for Microcapsule Synthesis

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Imidazole and Triazole Coordination Chemistry for Antifouling Coatings

Imidazole and Triazole Coordination Chemistry for Antifouling Coatings

Encapsulation of actives for sustained release

Formation of titanium dioxide core–shell microcapsules through a binary-phase spray technique

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