New sensor based on AgCl containing Iron Oxide or Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Chloride Determination

Abstract

This work describes preparation and application of "homemade" chloride ISE enriched with iron oxides or zinc oxide nanoparticles. The prepared chloride ISE membrane was made of AgCl:Ag2S:PTFE = 1:1:2 and AgCl:Ag2S:PTFE = 2:1:2 enriched with mentioned nanoparticles in ratio 0.5-1.2 wt.%. Prepared membranes were used for chloride determination in perchloric acid (pH = 0-2) and acetic buffer (pH = 4-4.75). Due to the low method price, simplicity and a reasonably fast way of usage, it was considered as a possibility for chloride determination in high acid media. Two of prepared membranes (M1 and M4) have shown best characteristics. M1 showed linear response range for chloride between 2.0×10 −6 and 1×10 −1 mol L −1 , with a detection limit of 2.24×10 −6 mol L −1 and potential change of 44.39 mV per decade. M4 showed linear response range for chloride between 4.2×10-6 to 1×10-1 mol L −1 , limit of detection of 1.39×10-6 mol L −1 with potential change of 24.79 mV per decade at pH = 0.

Potentiometric Response of Solid-State Sensors Based on Ferric Phosphate for Iron(III) Determination

“…Membranes M11–M15 show the importance of the presence of silver sulfide and polytetrafluoroethylene. A similar approach was previously reported [ 4 , 5 , 27 , 28 ]. As described, 15 different membranes were prepared and their composition ratios are shown in Table 1 .…”

“…After determining the ideal membrane composition, two variants of the electrode body were investigated, of which EB1 was presented in previous papers [ 4 , 5 , 27 ] and EB2 for the first time in this work. Both bodies were designed in our laboratory.…”

“…Potentiometry stands out as a non-destructive electroanalytical method with the possibility of application in a wide range of sensor performances [ 1 ]. Although liquid-contact ion-selective membranes are well developed and commercially available in a number of embodiments, their impossibility of miniaturization, special storage requirements, the sensitivity of inner filings toward evaporation the possibility of volume changes, and delamination of the sensing membrane, make solid-state electrodes preferred ion-selective sensors [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The possibility of developing this type of sensor with the characteristics of high selectivity and sensitivity and with the simplicity of implementation, low cost, and durability makes them attractive for use in ion determination in biological, chemical, environmental, and industrial samples [ 6 ].…”

Application of Ag/AgCl Sensor for Chloride Monitoring of Mortar under Dry-Wet Cycles

“…Compared with ALS, it demonstrates that Ag/AgCl electrodes are more sensitive to chloride. The research provides the key element for the specific application of Ag/AgCl electrode for corrosion monitoring in the future.outer AgCl layer, there are several commonly manufactured methods such as powder pressing, sintering [11,19], chlorination and DC current polarization [20].With regard to application of Ag/AgCl, it has been used as the reference electrode for many purposes [15,20,21] and in recent decades has began to be studied in its use as chloride sensor in the concrete industry [17,22,23]. Relative attempts to embed Ag/AgCl electrodes into cement-based materials were gradually reported since the 1990s [24][25][26][27].…”

“…With regard to application of Ag/AgCl, it has been used as the reference electrode for many purposes [15,20,21] and in recent decades has began to be studied in its use as chloride sensor in the concrete industry [17,22,23]. Relative attempts to embed Ag/AgCl electrodes into cement-based materials were gradually reported since the 1990s [24][25][26][27].…”