New set-up for measurement of permeability properties of fibrous reinforcements for RTM

An evaluation of the reproducibility of capacitive sensor based in-plane permeability measurements: A benchmarking study

“…Diverse references [13][14][15][16][17][18] are describing 1D and 2D measurement approaches which are able to sense the flow front as a function of time for in-plane permeability calculation. The fact that there are no standardized requirements for permeability measurement systems and no uniform calculation algorithms, permeability values measured in different research labs are differing.…”

“…On the one side there are test rigs which are using sensors for flow front detection during the fluid injection. These sensors are embedded in metal mould halves [6,17,24,29]. On the other side there are systems with a visual aid -a camera systemand a transparent upper mould half tool for flow front tracking exist [13,38,39].…”

“…[Pa·s] the fluid viscosity of the injected fluid and the term "p/"x [Pa/m] expresses the pressure drop to a specific flow length. Three different kinds of experimental methods of permeability measurements are wellknown: 1D flow [13][14][15][16], 2D flow [13,17,18] and 3D flow [19][20][21][22]. Nowadays no defined standard requirements for permeability measurements and calculation procedures are available [23][24][25].…”

Efficient stochastic simulation approach for RTM process with random fibrous permeability

“…Experimental studies [1][2][3][4] show the scatter in measured global permeability data can be up to 0.5 in terms of coefficient of variation from batch to batch of the same material.…”

“…Although studies have been performed on the probabilistic characterization of the random transport properties of fibrous media [2][3][4], the random effects are usually neglected in the available optimization or on-line control schemes [5][6][7] which employ common simulation softwares for mold filling. Available stochastic studies in the RTM context [8][9][10][11][12] mostly depend on the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), which is computationally expensive for a fast uncertainty analysis or to be combined with other algorithms for optimization or sensitivity analysis.…”