New single-molecule speckle microscopy reveals modification of the retrograde actin flow by focal adhesions at nanometer scales

Yamashiro, Sawako; Mizuno, H.; Smith, Matthew B.; Ryan, Gillian L.; Kojima, Tai; Vavylonis, Dimitrios; Watanabe, Naoki

doi:10.1091/mbc.e13-03-0162

Cited by 46 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The barbed end depolymerization rate is increased ~3-fold by twinfilin, whereas in combination with Srv2/CAP, pointed end depolymerization increases an additional 17-fold 139 . Interestingly, different F-actin networks disassemble at different rates, which influences the recycling of G-actin 140 . For example, in XTC fibroblasts, the majority of F-actin in stress fibers disassembles five times slower than in other fibers, whereas F-actin in filopodia disassembles 2.4 times slower than in lamellipodia 140 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, different F-actin networks disassemble at different rates, which influences the recycling of G-actin 140 . For example, in XTC fibroblasts, the majority of F-actin in stress fibers disassembles five times slower than in other fibers, whereas F-actin in filopodia disassembles 2.4 times slower than in lamellipodia 140 . The coordinated actions of these diverse disassembly factors allow for rapid actin disassembly, replenishing the G-actin pool for subsequent network assembly (Figure 2).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Internetwork competition for monomers governs actin cytoskeleton organization

Suarez

Kovar

2016

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

158

133

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Cells precisely control the formation of dynamic actin cytoskeletal networks to coordinate fundamental processes including motility, division, endocytosis and polarization. To support these functions, actin filament networks must be assembled, maintained and disassembled at the correct time and place, and with proper filament organization and dynamics. Regulation of the extent of filament network assembly and their organization have been largely attributed to the coordinated activation of actin assembly factors through signalling cascades. Here we discuss an intriguing model in which actin monomer availability is limiting, and competition between homeostatic actin cytoskeletal networks for actin monomers is an additional crucial regulatory mechanism that influences density and size of different actin networks, thereby contributing to the organization of the cellular actin cytoskeleton.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Internetwork competition for monomers governs actin cytoskeleton organization

Suarez

Kovar

2016

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

158

133

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“…Stresses generated within the cytoskeleton drive the rearward movement of actin known as retrograde flow. Engagement of focal adhesions results in a reduction of actin retrograde flow rates around adhesion sites [46–48] and an increase in traction stresses [27] and thereby can be thought of as a ‘molecular clutch’ [49,50]. The ‘clutch engagement’ at a focal adhesion involves increases in density and affinity of binding interactions spanning the actin cytoskeleton and the ECM.…”

Section: Force Transmission At Focal Adhesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressing the limits of focal adhesion mechanosensitivity

Oakes

Gardel

2014

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

124

107

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Focal adhesion assembly and maturation often occurs concomitantly with changes in force generated within the cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix. To coordinate focal adhesion dynamics with force, it has been suggested that focal adhesion dynamics are mechanosensitive. This review discusses current understanding of the regulation of focal adhesion assembly and force transmission, and the limits to which we can consider focal adhesion plaques as mechanosensitive entities.

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“…Filopodial protrusions extend against retrograde actin flow in the steady state (Yamashiro et al, 2014). Many of the cellular protrusions involved in cell migration are formed transiently and disappear subsequently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staurosporine Induces Formation of Two Types of Extra-Long Cell Protrusions: Actin-Based Filaments and Microtubule-Based Shafts

et al. 2015

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Staurosporine (STS) has been known as a classic protein kinase C inhibitor and is a broad-spectrum inhibitor targeting over 250 protein kinases. In this study, we observed that STS treatment induced drastic morphologic changes, such as elongation of a very large number of nonbranched, actin-based long cell protrusions that reached up to 30 mm in an hour without caspase activation or PARP cleavage in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. These cell protrusions were elongated not only from the free cell edge but also from the cell-cell junctions. The elongation of STS-dependent protrusions was required for ATP hydrolysis and was dependent on myosin-X and fascin but independent of Cdc42 and VASP. Interestingly, in the presence of an actin polymerization inhibitor, namely, cytochalasin D, latrunculin A, or jasplakinolide, STS treatment induced excess tubulin polymerization, which resulted in the formation of many extra-long microtubule (MT)-based protrusions toward the outside of the cell. The unique MT-based protrusions were thick and linear compared with the STS-induced filaments or stationary filopodia. These protrusions, which were composed of microtubules, have been scarcely observed in cultured non-neuronal cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that STS-sensitive kinases are essential for the maintenance of normal cell morphology, and a common unidentified molecular mechanism is involved in the formation of the following two different types of protrusions: actin-based filaments and MT-based shafts.

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New single-molecule speckle microscopy reveals modification of the retrograde actin flow by focal adhesions at nanometer scales

Cited by 46 publications

References 69 publications

Internetwork competition for monomers governs actin cytoskeleton organization

Internetwork competition for monomers governs actin cytoskeleton organization

Stressing the limits of focal adhesion mechanosensitivity

Staurosporine Induces Formation of Two Types of Extra-Long Cell Protrusions: Actin-Based Filaments and Microtubule-Based Shafts

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