NEW SPECIES OF <i>POLYCLADA</i> (COLEOPTERA, HALTICINAE) FROM AFRICA

Bryant, G.E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1942.tb00716.x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Schinz (1891) was first to observe the larval association with the host plant, Commiphora africana . He sent beetle specimens to the French coleopterist, Fairmaire, who described it as a new species, Diamphidia locusta (Fairmaire, 1893), which is now considered a chromatic form of Diamphidia nigroornata (see Bryant 1942). Later, Schultze (1907: 663) indicated “worms” at the roots of Commiphora dinteri Engl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bryant (1942) indicates several species names as synonyms of Diamphidia nigroornata . Other researchers have photographed poison beetles used in the Nyae Nyae region and which are a different species from our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chrysomelid beetle species in the Namibian Ju|’hoan arrow-poison case is Diamphidia nigro - ornata Ståhl (Figs 13–15; see Bryant 1942). Chrysomelid taxonomy follows Biondi and D’Alessandro (2012) who distinguished Diamphidia and Polyclada on the basis of antennal morphology—filiform in Diamphidia and pectinate or flabellate in males or serrate in females of Polyclada .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many synonyms for species of these genera appear in the historical literature. Heikertinger and Csikii (1940) is the last catalog of alticine flea beetles, but the last reviser of these species names was Bryant (1942) who indicates these synonyms for Diamphidia nigroornata : Diamphidia lesnei Achard, Diamphidia locusta Fairmaire, and Diamphidia simplex Péringuey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Chaboo¹,

Biesele²,

Hitchcock³

et al. 2016

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The use of archery to hunt appears relatively late in human history. It is poorly understood but the application of poisons to arrows to increase lethality must have occurred shortly after developing bow hunting methods; these early multi-stage transitions represent cognitive shifts in human evolution. This paper is a synthesis of widely-scattered literature in anthropology, entomology, and chemistry, dealing with San (“Bushmen”) arrow poisons. The term San (or Khoisan) covers many indigenous groups using so-called ‘click languages’ in southern Africa. Beetles are used for arrow poison by at least eight San groups and one non-San group. Fieldwork and interviews with Ju|’hoan and Hai||om hunters in Namibia revealed major differences in the nature and preparation of arrow poisons, bow and arrow construction, and poison antidote. Ju|’hoan hunters use leaf-beetle larvae of Diamphidia Gerstaecker and Polyclada Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) collected from soil around the host plants Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. and Commiphora angolensis Engl. (Burseracaeae). In the Nyae Nyae area of Namibia, Ju|’hoan hunters use larvae of Diamphidia nigroornata Ståhl. Larvae and adults live above-ground on the plants and eat leaves, but the San collect the underground cocoons to extract the mature larvae. Larval hemolymph is mixed with saliva and applied to arrows. Hai||om hunters boil the milky plant sap of Adenium bohemianum Schinz (Apocynaceae) to reduce it to a thick paste that is applied to their arrows. The socio-cultural, historical, and ecological contexts of the various San groups may determine differences in the sources and preparation of poisons, bow and arrow technology, hunting behaviors, poison potency, and perhaps antidotes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Chaboo¹,

Biesele²,

Hitchcock³

et al. 2016

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“…During revisionary studies of the genus Polyclada , we examined the type material of P. maculipennis Bryant, 1942, in the general collection of the Natural History Museum in London ( NHMUK ) and noticed that it belongs to the Neotropical genus Procalus Clark, 1865. Bryant (1942) based the description of this species on three specimens from Cameroon and believed it to be allied to Polyclada bohemani (Baly, 1861).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic placement of the African flea beetle Polyclada maculipennis Bryant and the possible occurrence of the genus Procalus Clark in sub-Saharan Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)

D’Alessandro¹,

Biondi²

2023

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Polyclada Chevrolat and Procalus Clark are flea beetle genera (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). Polyclada is endemic to the Afrotropical region, while Procalus has never been described outside of the Neotropical region. The new combination Procalus maculipennis (Bryant, 1942), comb. nov. is proposed for Polyclada maculipennis Bryant, 1942. Its plausible type locality is Venezuela, and not Cameroon, as recorded on the labels of the type material, and hence the occurrence of P. maculipennis in Africa is questionable.

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Das Larven‐Pfeilgift der Buschmänner

Neuwinger¹,

Scherer

1976

Biologie in unserer Zeit

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NEW SPECIES OF POLYCLADA (COLEOPTERA, HALTICINAE) FROM AFRICA

Cited by 4 publications

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Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Generic placement of the African flea beetle Polyclada maculipennis Bryant and the possible occurrence of the genus Procalus Clark in sub-Saharan Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)

Das Larven‐Pfeilgift der Buschmänner

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NEW SPECIES OF POLYCLADA (COLEOPTERA, HALTICINAE) FROM AFRICA

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

﻿Generic placement of the African flea beetle Polyclada maculipennis Bryant and the possible occurrence of the genus Procalus Clark in sub-Saharan Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)

Das Larven‐Pfeilgift der Buschmänner

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Generic placement of the African flea beetle Polyclada maculipennis Bryant and the possible occurrence of the genus Procalus Clark in sub-Saharan Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)