New Start or False Start? The ICC and Electoral Violence in Kenya

Abstract

This article investigates how far the International Criminal Court (ICC) trial of post‐election violence in Kenya represented a new start for Kenyan politics, for international criminal justice in Africa, and for the international response to democratic violence more broadly. For the first time an international criminal court investigated violence associated with the democratic process. The prosecution of instigators of violence was not only a demonstration of a far less patient international approach to a democratic process gone wrong; it also provided the internationally expected response to exceptional levels of violence in the face of domestic inaction. However, it is less clear whether the ICC case represents a new beginning for Kenya. It might be a new start for political accountability in the context of a weak domestic judiciary, but it cannot address the structural root causes of violence that require political reform rather than criminal prosecution.

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“…First, electoral violence is seen as a subset of activities in a larger political conflict. In particular, it has been studied as part of the trail of ethnic or communal violence in divided societies such as Nigeria, Kenya, Sri Lanka and India (Berenschot, 2020; Adebayo, 2016; Höhn, 2014; Höglund and Piyarathne, 2009). In these cases, it has been noted that violence tends to cluster around election times.…”

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“…I korte trekk handler etterforskningen i Kenya om forbrytelser mot menneskeheten som fant sted i kjølevannet av Kenyas presidentvalg i desember 2007 (Hohn 2014). Da valgresultatet ble offentliggjort, førte anklager om valgfusk til en rekke voldelige sammenstøt mellom de politiske og til dels etniske fraksjonene i Kenya.…”