New trace fossil evidence for an early recovery signal in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction

Vegetation history across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Pakistan (Amb section, Salt Range)

“…Instead, several studies have documented that intervals of recovery were reset by renewed environmental perturbations Z.Q. Chen et al, 2011;Hautmann et al, 2011;Hofmann et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2012). Similar pictures have been drawn for the continental floras, with a catastrophic reduction in standing biomass and the demise of forests (e.g.…”

Trace fossils from the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Górne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland) and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation

“…Lockeia is present in both marine (from marginalmarine to the deep-sea) and freshwater settings Goldring et al 2005;Hofmann et al 2011;Melchor et al 2012a, b).…”

“…Known from the ?Late Cambrian/Early Ordovician (Fillion and Pickerill 1990;Uchman et al 2004a;Uchman and Gaździcki 2006) through to the Pleistocene (Hofmann et al 2011). Kim (1994) reported Lockeia from the Precambrian.…”

Depositional environment, ichnological features and oxygenation of Permian to earliest Triassic marine sediments in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard

“…The low diversity, small size, low complexity, low penetration depth and low degree of bioturbation are typical of Induan trace fossil assemblages in many parts of the world, as a consequence of the major PermianÁTriassic event, in the first stage of recovery sensu Twitchett (2006;see also, e.g., Twitchett & Wignall 1996;Chen et al 2011;Chen et al 2012; and references therein). However, very early advanced (late Griesbachian) recovery manifested by higher ichnodiversity is noted in tropic and boreal realms (Wignall et al 1998;MacNaughton & Zonneveld 2010;Hofmann et al 2011). It seems that the ichnoassemblage investigated here represents times before this recovery interval.…”