New trends in studies on electrolytic redox systems

Michałowski, Tadeusz; Toporek, Marcin; Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, Anna Maria; Asuero, Agustín G.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.125

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The mathematical description of electrolytic redox systems in aqueous media is realizable with use of the set of equations composed of Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), charge balance, and elemental balances, related to elements E(i) different from H and O [1]- [4]. Ultimately, all the balances are expressed in terms of molar concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Formulation of Redox Systems According to GATES/GEB Principles

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk¹,

Michałowski²

2014

JASMI

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The Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), together with charge balance and concentration balances, completes the set of equations needed for resolution of electrolytic redox systems. The general formulae for GEB were obtained according to Approach II to GEB, i.e., on the basis of the equation 2•f(O) − f(H) obtained from elemental balances: f(H) for H, and f(O) for O. Equivalency of the Approach II and the Approach I to GEB was proved for an aqueous solution and a binary-solvent system. On this basis, a compact form of GEB was derived.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Formulation of Redox Systems According to GATES/GEB Principles

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk¹,

Michałowski²

2014

JASMI

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“…It can be applied for different types of reactions occurring in batch or dynamic systems, of any degree of complexity. The generalized electron balance (GEB) concept, discovered (1992,2006) by Michałowski [11,13] and obligatory for description of redox systems, is fully compatible with charge and concentration balance(s), and relations for the corresponding equilibrium constants.…”

Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed considerations in this chapter are based on principles of the generalized approach to electrolytic systems (GATES), formulated by Michałowski [9] and presented recently in a series of papers, related to redox [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and nonredox systems [27][28][29][30][31][32] in aqueous and in mixed-solvent media [33][34][35][36][37]. The closed system separated from its environment by diathermal walls secure a heat exchange between the system and its environment, and realize dynamic processes in a quasistatic manner under isothermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductory Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonredox systems are formulated with use of charge (ChB) and concentration balances f(Y g ), for elements/cores Y g 6 ¼ H, O. The description of redox systems is complemented by generalized electron balance (GEB) concept, discovered by Michałowski as the Approach I to GEB (1992) and the Approach II to GEB (2006); GEB is considered as a law of a matter conservation, as the law of nature [7,9,11,13,25].…”

Section: Introductory Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of Titrimetric Analyses According to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES)

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk¹,

Spórna‐Kucab²,

Michałowski³

2017

Advances in Titration Techniques

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The generalized equivalent mass (GEM) concept, based on firm algebraic foundations of the generalized approach to electrolytic systems (GATES), is considered and put against the equivalent "weight" concept, based on a "fragile" stoichiometric reaction notation still advocated by IUPAC. The GEM is formulated a priori, with no relevance to a stoichiometry. GEM is formulated in a unified manner, and referred to systems of any degree of complexity with special emphasis put on redox systems, where generalized electron balance (GEB) is involved. GEM is formulated on the basis of all attainable (and preselected) physicochemical knowledge on the system in question, and resolved with use of iterative computer programs. It is possible to calculate coordinates of the end points taken from the vicinity of equivalence point. This way, one can choose (among others) a proper indicator and the most appropriate (from analytical viewpoint) color change of the indicator. Some interpolative and extrapolative methods of equivalence volume V eq determination are recalled and discussed. The GATES realized for GEM purposes provides the basis for optimization of analytical procedures a priori. The GATES procedure realized for GEM purposes enables to foresee and optimize new analytical methods, or modify, improve, and optimize old analytical methods.

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“…Based on reaction chemistry, it is still developing [2][3][4][5] and continues to be extensively employed in several analytical fields as well as in routine studies [6] due to its simplicity, with little sacrifice in accuracy and precision, and low cost [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Titration Curves and Titration Errors in Donor Acceptor Titrations of Displacement and Electronic Transference Reactions

Martín¹,

Estévez²,

Asuero³

2017

Redox - Principles and Advanced Applications

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An overview of the state of the art concerning with earlier approaches to titration in redox systems is given in this chapter, in which an overview on redox bibliography has also been undertaken. Titration error has been the subject of a variety of excellent papers, but the number of papers dealing with titration error in redox titrations is scarce. However, a single hyperbolic sine expression for the titration error in donor/acceptor titration of displacement and electronic transference reactions is derived in this chapter. The titration error expression is applicable to symmetrical redox reactions, that is to say, those in which no polynuclear species are involved in the equilibria. The donor versus acceptor particle notation is chosen to accentuate the analogy with that used in the description of acids and bases following the steps given by the French School and other recognized authors (Budevsky, Butler, Charlot, Gauguin, Inczedy, Monnier, Rosset). A diagram for the titration error in function of the difference between the end and equivalence point (pX) is drawn in order to facilitate the graphical calculation of titration error. A detailed error analysis concerning with the propagation of systematic and random error propagation in the titration error is given.

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New trends in studies on electrolytic redox systems

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Compact Formulation of Redox Systems According to GATES/GEB Principles

Compact Formulation of Redox Systems According to GATES/GEB Principles

Principles of Titrimetric Analyses According to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES)

On the Titration Curves and Titration Errors in Donor Acceptor Titrations of Displacement and Electronic Transference Reactions

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