New Type of Accelerator for Heavy Ions

Janes, G. S.; Levy, R. H.; Bethe, Hans A.; Feld, Bernard T.

doi:10.1103/physrev.145.925

Cited by 91 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The impact of electric rotation in various toroidal configurations was also analyzed 13 . Electric rotation to overcome drifts was likewise analyzed, both theoretically and experimentally, within the context of particle accelerators [14][15][16][17] and non-neutral plasma confinement [18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of wave-driven rigid body rotation toroidal confinement

2017

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The compensation of vertical drifts in toroidal magnetic fields through a wave-driven poloidal rotation is compared to compensation through the wave driven toroidal current generation to support the classical magnetic rotational transform. The advantages and drawbacks associated with the sustainment of a radial electric field are compared with those associated with the sustainment of a poloidal magnetic field both in terms of energy content and power dissipation. The energy content of a radial electric field is found to be smaller than the energy content of a poloidal magnetic field for a similar set of orbits. The wave driven radial electric field generation efficiency is similarly shown, at least in the limit of large aspect ratio, to be larger than the efficiency of wave-driven toroidal current generation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of wave-driven rigid body rotation toroidal confinement

2017

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“…In Section 4 the two limits (1) and (2) are shown to combine to produce the result that the total injected charge (average electron density) is directly proportional to the injection cathode bias voltage. By means of our inductive charging scheme, we have achieved average electron densities of about 4 x 10 9 cm -3 at an average magnetic field of B ^ 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…(1) a natural energy limitation for the injected electrons and, (2) an anomalous noise or electron heating mechanism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experiments on the Injection and Containment of Electron Clouds in a Toroidal Apparatus

Daugherty

Eninger

Janes

1969

The Physics of Fluids

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Injection and containment of unneutralized clouds of electrons has been accomplished with an azimuthally symmetric, toroidal, magnetic field. The confining magnetic field is produced within a conducting toroidal chamber. The induction of this magnetic field has been used to inject the electron cloud (inductive charging). Average electron densities of 4 × 109 cm−3 and peak electrostatic well depths of ≈ 400 kV have been achieved. Semiempirical correlations are given which show the inductive charging scheme to be governed by an electron energy restriction and finally limited by the occurrence of anomalous crossed field beam noise. Stable equilibria, without the necessity of a rotational transform have been observed for times in excess of 60 μsec. Correlation of the containment time observations with the predictions of a theoretical model for an ion-diocotron wave instability shows that the containment time is governed by the rate of ionization of the residual neutral gas (p > 10−7 Torr) in the apparatus. The correlation of theory and experiment appear to confirm the theoretical prediction that a significant degree of charge neutralization (in the range of 10-20%) can be stably contained. Interpretation of these results suggests that significant improvement in both electron cloud density and containment time should be possible.

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“…There has been considerable interest both experimentally and theoretically in toroidal nonneutral plasmas, which are relevant to heavy ion accelerators [1], sources of highly stripped heavy ions [2], and thermonuclear fusion reactors [3]. These concepts are based totally on the electrostatic confinement of ions in a deep potential cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%