New understanding of immunological mechanisms

Saalmüller, Armin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.007

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…All living organisms are continuously exposed to substances including those called pathogens, which may invade, reside in, and eventually damage the organisms as their hosts. Fortunately, the invading pathogens can be prevented by the organisms in several ways: with physical barriers, for example, or with chemicals that repel or kill invaders; moreover, in vertebrates (the animals with backbones), mammals and, especially, primates (including humans), the pathogens can be further controlled by a more advanced protective system called immune system, which is a complex network of organs containing different types of cells, such as T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) [includ-ing mainly dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MPs)] [2,3]. Generally, the specific surface structures called antigens (Ags) on the pathogens are first recognized by APCs, which are specialized in uptake and processing the pathogens into fragments to present Ags bound to MHC molecules on APC surface as an epitope, which can interact with and stimulate T cells and B cells into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and plasma cells, respectively [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomes Used as a Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System

Wang¹,

Wu²,

Wang³

2017

Liposomes

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Liposomes, a kind of bilayered vesicles formed by self-assembly of phospholipid molecules in an aqueous medium, are widely used as a vehicle for delivering various therapeutic agents due to their high biocompatibility, diverse and high-loading capacity, and relative ease for preparation and surface decoration to engender multifunctional features. Also, liposomes are a useful carrier for delivering vaccine antigens forming a versatile vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS), which can efficiently fulfill both functions of adjuvancy and delivery when the liposomes are modified with specific functional molecules, such as lipoidal immunopotentiators, antigen-presenting cell (APC) targeting ligands, steric stabilization polymers and charged lipids. In this chapter, liposomes used as a VADS are introduced, including the preparation processes for liposomes, the evaluation methods toward different immunological responses, and also the measures for tracking in vivo of the vaccine-carrying liposomes, to provide reader with wide information as a reference related to the liposomal VADS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomes Used as a Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System

Wang¹,

Wu²,

Wang³

2017

Liposomes

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“…Furthermore, research on the immune system of domestic animals has significant economical impact as it should lead to measures to avoid diseases, e.g. by aiding the development of novel or improvement of existing vaccines and vaccination strategies (Saalmuller, 2006). The importance of swine in livestock production and biomedical research has additionally prompted immunological research on porcine immune cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine SWC1 is CD52—Final determination by the use of a retroviral cDNA expression library

Leitner

Reutner

Essler

et al. 2012

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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During the last decades for several species – e.g. swine – many mAb to leukocyte-specific molecules have been developed and clusters of differentiation corresponding to human CD could be established. However, for a significant amount of the raised mAb the corresponding antigens were not characterized on the molecular level and therefore preliminary clusters – in swine so-called Swine workshop clusters (SWC) – were established. These clusters contain antigens with currently no obvious orthologs to human leukocyte differentiation antigens. In this study, we describe the generation of a eukaryotic cDNA expression library from in vitro activated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Screening of this library with an antibody recognizing SWC1 enabled isolation and sequencing of cDNAs coding for the porcine SWC1 molecule. A BLAST search of the obtained sequence revealed that SWC1 is the orthologous molecule of human CD52. Therefore, our study provides the basis for comparative studies on the role of CD52 in different mammalian species. In addition, the established cDNA library can be used for investigation of additional SWC-defined molecules.

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“…Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a pivotal role in the induction and expansion of antigenspecific T-cell responses (Lee et al, 2007;Saalmüller A. 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2006). Professional APCs can either promote or suppress immune responses depending on their stage of maturation or level of activation (Lee et al, 2007;Saalmüller, 2006). In mice, APCs that produce large quantities of IL-12 and IFN-γ induce Th1 responses; APCs that produce low amounts of IL-12 but a high level of MCP-1 preferentially induce Th2 responses, whereas APCs that produce a low level of IL-12 but a high level of IL-10 induce regulatory T cell (Tr) responses (de Jong et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, our laboratory found that APCs of IL-12Rβ1 −/− mice, which lack both IL-12 and IL-23 signaling, exhibit bias toward inducing Th2 response (Zhang et al, 2003). Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are the two most important types of professional APCs, with similar functions and profiles of secreted cytokines (Lee et al, 2007;Saalmüller, 2006;Unanue, 1984). However, it has been found that, upon similar stimulation, such as with LPS + IFN-γ, DCs produced a high level of IL-12 but low level of IL-10, while macrophages produced high level of IL-10 but low level of IL-12 (Smith et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigen presenting cells treated in vitro by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and autoantigen protect mice from autoimmunity

Guan

Zhao

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a critical cytokine in the development of monocytic lineage and may have immunoregulatory properties. Here we show that peritoneal antigen presenting cells (APCs) treated with M-CSF produced decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12. These APCs treated with M-CSF + autoantigen peptide significantly suppressed antigen-specific T cell proliferation, induced regulatory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in vitro and in vivo, and significantly suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Thus, in vitro treatment of APCs with M-CSF + autoantigen can be a novel therapeutic option for autoimmune diseases.

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New understanding of immunological mechanisms

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Liposomes Used as a Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System

Liposomes Used as a Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System

Porcine SWC1 is CD52—Final determination by the use of a retroviral cDNA expression library

Antigen presenting cells treated in vitro by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and autoantigen protect mice from autoimmunity

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