New View on Dietary Fiber Selection for Predictable Shifts in Gut Microbiota

Cantu-Jungles, Thaísa Moro; Hamaker, Bruce R.

doi:10.1128/mbio.02179-19

Cited by 97 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…S4, S5, and S6). Collectively, these findings support the idea that soluble polysaccharides can act as "discrete fiber structures," such that unique fiber chemical structures specifically promote particular microbial taxa in the colon (2,8,15).…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Subtle Variations in Dietary-Fiber Fine Structure Differentially Influence the Composition and Metabolic Function of Gut Microbiota

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Thakkar

Arıoğlu-Tuncil

et al. 2020

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The chemical structures of soluble fiber carbohydrates vary from source to source due to numerous possible linkage configurations among monomers. However, it has not been elucidated whether subtle structural variations might impact soluble fiber fermentation by colonic microbiota. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that subtle structural variations in a soluble polysaccharide govern the community structure and metabolic output of fermenting microbiota. We performed in vitro fecal fermentation studies using arabinoxylans (AXs) from different classes of wheat (hard red spring [AXHRS], hard red winter [AXHRW], and spring red winter [AXSRW]) with identical initial microbiota. Carbohydrate analyses revealed that AXSRW was characterized by a significantly shorter backbone and increased branching compared with those of the hard varieties. Amplicon sequencing demonstrated that fermentation of AXSRW resulted in a distinct community structure of significantly higher richness and evenness than those of hard-AX-fermenting cultures. AXSRW favored OTUs within Bacteroides, whereas AXHRW and AXHRS favored Prevotella. Accordingly, metabolic output varied between hard and soft varieties; higher propionate production was observed with AXSRW and higher butyrate and acetate with AXHRW and AXHRS. This study showed that subtle changes in the structure of a dietary fiber may strongly influence the composition and function of colonic microbiota, further suggesting that physiological functions of dietary fibers are highly structure dependent. Thus, studies focusing on interactions among dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and health outcomes should better characterize the structures of the carbohydrates employed. IMPORTANCE Diet, especially with respect to consumption of dietary fibers, is well recognized as one of the most important factors shaping the colonic microbiota composition. Accordingly, many studies have been conducted to explore dietary fiber types that could predictably manipulate the colonic microbiota for improved health. However, the majority of these studies underappreciate the vastness of fiber structures in terms of their microbial utilization and omit detailed carbohydrate structural analysis. In some cases, this causes conflicting results to arise between studies using (theoretically) the same fibers. In this investigation, by performing in vitro fecal fermentation studies using bran arabinoxylans obtained from different classes of wheat, we showed that even subtle changes in the structure of a dietary fiber result in divergent microbial communities and metabolic outputs. This underscores the need for much higher structural resolution in studies investigating interactions of dietary fibers with gut microbiota, both in vitro and in vivo.

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confidence: 65%

Subtle Variations in Dietary-Fiber Fine Structure Differentially Influence the Composition and Metabolic Function of Gut Microbiota

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Thakkar

Arıoğlu-Tuncil

et al. 2020

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“…Altogether these results illustrate the divergent effects of dietary fibers on gut microbiome-derived SCFA and BCFA production. These results support findings from previous studies showing differential accumulation of these metabolites in response to dietary fiber across individuals [39,40].…”

Section: D Fig S7 and S8)supporting

confidence: 92%

Gut Microbiome Variation Modulates the Effects of Dietary Fiber on Host Metabolism

Murga-Garrido¹,

Hong

Cross

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThere is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber.Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host.ResultsWe examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between microbiome groups, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approaches to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy.

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“…Dietary fibers vary widely in structure and provide a rich source of energy for numerous groups of bacteria. But with a Western diet, fiber intake is much lower and microbes in the gut are forced to compete for limited resources [6] . An elegant illustration of this competition for limited resources in the absence of fiber can be observed in mice containing only one bacterial species.…”

Section: Fiber and Niche Space In The Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of bacteria in the human gut in response to changing environments: An invisible player in the game of health

Venkatakrishnan

Holzknecht

et al. 2021

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Several factors in Western society, including widespread use of antibiotics, chronic inflammation, and loss of complex eukaryotic symbionts such as helminths, have a dramatic impact on the ecosystem of the gut, affecting the microbiota hosted there. In addition, reductions in dietary fiber are profoundly impactful on the microbiota, causing extensive destruction of the niche space that supports the normally diverse microbial community in the gut. Abundant evidence now supports the view that, following dramatic alterations in the gut ecosystem, microorganisms undergo rapid change via Darwinian evolution. Such evolutionary change creates functionally distinct bacteria that may potentially have properties of pathogens but yet are difficult to distinguish from their benign predecessors.

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New View on Dietary Fiber Selection for Predictable Shifts in Gut Microbiota

Cited by 97 publications

References 42 publications

Subtle Variations in Dietary-Fiber Fine Structure Differentially Influence the Composition and Metabolic Function of Gut Microbiota

Subtle Variations in Dietary-Fiber Fine Structure Differentially Influence the Composition and Metabolic Function of Gut Microbiota

Gut Microbiome Variation Modulates the Effects of Dietary Fiber on Host Metabolism

Evolution of bacteria in the human gut in response to changing environments: An invisible player in the game of health

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