New Zealand parents' understandings of the intergenerational decline in children's independent outdoor play and active travel

Witten, Karen; Kearns, Robin; Carroll, Penelope; Asiasiga, Lanuola; Tavae, Nicola

doi:10.1080/14733285.2013.779839

Cited by 127 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[50][51][52] Whole of community approaches to improve sense of community and social capital may help to reverse social norms associated with the restriction of children's independent mobility by creating neighborhoods where people look out for children and support the development of their independence. 50,53 Our findings also highlight that the physical environment is associated with independent mobility to neighborhood destinations even after adjusting for sociodemographic and social environment factors. Our study appears to be one of the first to observe that the influence of objectively measured physical environment on children's independent mobility is specific to the destination being visited.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

The Effect of the Social and Physical Environment on Children’s Independent Mobility to Neighborhood Destinations

Christian¹,

Klinker²,

Villanueva³

et al. 2015

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background:Relationships between context-specific measures of the physical and social environment and children’s independent mobility to neighborhood destination types were examined.Methods:Parents in RESIDE’s fourth survey reported whether their child (8–15 years; n = 181) was allowed to travel without an adult to school, friend’s house, park and local shop. Objective physical environment measures were matched to each of these destinations. Social environment measures included neighborhood perceptions and items specific to local independent mobility.Results:Independent mobility to local destinations ranged from 30% to 48%. Independent mobility to a local park was less likely as the distance to the closest park (small and large size) increased and less likely with additional school grounds (P < .05). Independent mobility to school was less likely as the distance to the closest large park increased and if the neighborhood was perceived as unsafe (P < .05). Independent mobility to a park or shops decreased if parenting social norms were unsupportive of children’s local independent movement (P < .05).Conclusions:Independent mobility appears dependent upon the specific destination being visited and the impact of neighborhood features varies according to the destination examined. Findings highlight the importance of access to different types and sizes of urban green space for children’s independent mobility to parks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

The Effect of the Social and Physical Environment on Children’s Independent Mobility to Neighborhood Destinations

Christian¹,

Klinker²,

Villanueva³

et al. 2015

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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“…CIM studies have attracted quite a lot of interest in Britain, Germany, and Italy (Granville et al, 2002;Hillman et al, 1990;Hillman and Adams, 1992;O'Brien et al, 2000;Prezza et al, 2001) as well as in Australia and New Zealand (Witten et al, 2013;Carver et al, 2012;Tranter, 1993;Tranter and Whitelegg, 1994). Some studies on CIM have also been conducted in Nordic countries (Fyhri and Hjorthol, 2009;Johansson et al, 2010;Mikkelsen and Christensen, 2009), but none of them have been able to provide comparative data over time across different settlement types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The independent and active mobility of children is an outcome of a very complex set of developmental (Ahmadi, 2007;Burgmanis et al, 2014;Rissotto and Tonucci, 2002), familial (Barron, 2014;Jensen et al, 2014), sociocultural (Depeau, 2001;Malone and Rudner, 2011;Valentine, 2004), and environmental characteristics (Alparone and Pacilli, 2012;Mitra and Buliung, 2014;Villanueva et al, 2013), as well as the policy context (Fyhri and Hjorthol, 2009;Rudner, 2012). Individual and family characteristics that are affecting CIM include children's age, maturity and gender (Johansson, 2006), family structure, socioeconomic status, ethnicity (Loebach and Gilliland, 2014;Weir et al, 2006), gender of parent, and parent employment (Valentine, 2004;Witten et al, 2013). This includes matters regarding weight of school bags, convenience, families spending time together, and trip chaining (Johansson, 2006;O'Connor and Brown, 2013;Witten et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual and family characteristics that are affecting CIM include children's age, maturity and gender (Johansson, 2006), family structure, socioeconomic status, ethnicity (Loebach and Gilliland, 2014;Weir et al, 2006), gender of parent, and parent employment (Valentine, 2004;Witten et al, 2013). This includes matters regarding weight of school bags, convenience, families spending time together, and trip chaining (Johansson, 2006;O'Connor and Brown, 2013;Witten et al, 2013). Environmental factors such as weather, urban form, pathways, connectivity, presence of green spaces, and distance to school and other destinations also affect CIM (Broberg et al, 2013a,b;Giles-Corti et al, 2011;McMillan, 2005;Rothman et al, 2014), as do mode of transport, traffic speeds, and volumes (Carver et al, 2008;Drianda and Kinoshita, 2011;Woldeamanuel, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The last free-range children? Children’s independent mobility in Finland in the 1990s and 2010s

Kyttä

Hirvonen

Rudner

et al. 2015

Journal of Transport Geography

126

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a b s t r a c tThe study reports the degree of children's independent mobility (CIM) in Finland for over two decades, from the beginning of the 1990s up to 2011. The first part of the research examined the differences of CIM in five different settlements in 2011: inner city, suburban, large town, small town, and rural village. A cross-sectional survey was used on a total of 821 7-to 15-year-old children in various settlements in different parts of Finland. Independent mobility was operationalized both as mobility licenses, meaning parental permits to perform certain activities independently, and as actual mobility, the proportion of active and independent school travel and independent weekend activities. In the second part of the study, we used the same measures to compare the independent mobility of Finnish children in the 1990s and 2010s. The second sample consisted of a total of 306 8-to 10-year-old children and their parents who participated in the CIM study in 1993-94 or in 2011. The major finding of the study was that in Finland children's independent mobility had decreased significantly during a span of 20 years, even more noticeably in the small town and rural village settings than in the inner city settlements. Finnish children, nevertheless, still enjoy a very high degree of independent mobility when compared with the children from the 16 countries involved in the large international comparative study for which the current research was conducted. In the discussion, we give some possible factors that can provide some understanding of and explanation to these trends.

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“…A substantial body of research has explored mobility deprivation experienced by children and young people in the UK (Barker 2003(Barker , 2006(Barker , 2009Barker et al 2009;Barnes 2007;Carver et al 2013;Witten et al 2013). This paper explores how teenage wheelchair users experience particular -and additional -challenges in this context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘With us, we, like, physically can’t’: Transport, Mobility and the Leisure Experiences of Teenage Wheelchair Users

Pyer

Tucker

2014

Mobilities

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Word count: 8,697"With us, we, like, physically can't": Transport, Mobility and the Leisure Experiences of Teenage Wheelchair Users. AbstractThis paper reflects upon the experiences of 69 British teenage wheelchair users in their attempts to access leisure environments. Heiser's (1995) notion of transport disability is developed, and the concepts of transport anxiety and mobility dependency are explored. The challenges that young people in general experience when attempting to access public and private forms of transport (namely buses, trains, taxis and private cars) are discussed, and the additional 'layers' of disadvantage experienced by teenage wheelchair users explored. The ramifications of barriers to transport for young wheelchair users in particular are shown.

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New Zealand parents' understandings of the intergenerational decline in children's independent outdoor play and active travel

Cited by 127 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of the Social and Physical Environment on Children’s Independent Mobility to Neighborhood Destinations

The Effect of the Social and Physical Environment on Children’s Independent Mobility to Neighborhood Destinations

The last free-range children? Children’s independent mobility in Finland in the 1990s and 2010s

‘With us, we, like, physically can’t’: Transport, Mobility and the Leisure Experiences of Teenage Wheelchair Users

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