New Zealand Soil Classification—Purposes and Principles

Hewitt, Allan E.

doi:10.1201/9781420040364.ch14

Cited by 159 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The soil is free draining, Te Hapara Typic Sandy Brown Soil (Hewitt, 1998) and requires irrigation in summer. The site (50 m by 20 m) was tilled and weed mat was laid down before planting in 1999.…”

Section: Site Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilising Characteristics of New Zealand Indigenous Riparian Colonising Plants

2005

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This paper presents selected results on the above-and below-ground growth performance of twelve indigenous woody species commonly found growing naturally in unstable riparian slope and/or bank environments throughout New Zealand. This study was needed because little information exists on the effectiveness of New ZealandÕs indigenous riparian plant species for slope and stream bank stabilisation. By examining the growth performance of selected riparian species during the first 5 years following establishment, we provide valuable insights into the likely strengths and limitations of individual species at maturity and, therefore, into their overall potential usefulness, singularly and/or as mixed plantings, for future riparian stabilisation projects. For all species, their root systems are typically shallow and confined to the uppermost 31 cm of soil. Root spread (mean maximum diameter) increased with increasing age with interspecies differences, by age 5 years, ranging from between~1 and 2.5 m. At age 5 years the mean root biomass, for all species combined, was 1.2 kg/plant, and averaged~23% of total plant biomass. Changes in the allocation of biomass for root and shoot growth appear to be species and age dependent. The results of this study indicate that most have above-and below-ground growth attributes well suited to colonising steep and unstable riparian slopes where shallow soil failure is prevalent and/or where stream banks are rocky with skeletal soils. All form part of the early plant succession. Once established, and in the absence of grazing, they are relatively fast growing. The effectiveness of riparian restoration programmes using indigenous species, though potentially high for low-order stream, will be limited by their relatively shallowrooted habit for bank stabilisation on larger rivers without the prior installation of structural protection works.

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Section: Site Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilising Characteristics of New Zealand Indigenous Riparian Colonising Plants

2005

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“…Semiarid soils occur at low elevations where precipitation is less than c. 550 mm, and there are patches of saline soils on valley and basin floors (Rogers et al 2000). Pallic soils predominate upslope, and are replaced by brown soils where the rainfall exceeds c. 800 mm on higher, moister range slopes, with local occurrences of acid-leached podzols on gentle slopes (Hewitt 1998). Recent soils occur across a range of environments, mainly on steep unstable slopes and stream alluvium, and Gley soil patches occur in local areas of poor drainage.…”

Section: Study Area Description and Vegetation Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The woody vegetation of Central Otago, New Zealand

Walker¹,

Lee

Rogers³

2004

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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The present native and exotic woody vegetation of the rainshadow region of Central Otago, in eastern South Island, New Zealand, is described. Fourteen present-day associations of woody species are related to a gradient in elevation and climate, and to the degree of disturbance by fire and mammalian grazing since human settlement. A few closed-canopy forest remnants remain only in the montane zone, while more modified forest relicts are scattered across a wider range of environments. Remaining woody plant associations have originated as secondary successions following fire, and range from exotic-species-invaded lowland associations on semi-arid basin floors to prostrate, native-species-dominated associations on mountain tops. Indigenous short-tussock grasslands and seral shrublands are being invaded by exotic trees and shrubs, especially in lowland environments. Dwarf and prostrate low shrub associations on the range tops may have replaced tussock grasslands since the commencement of pastoralism, where taller tussockshrubland communities were destroyed by fires soon after human settlement. The region's vegetation is not at equilibrium, and taller, woody communities tend to develop following removal of fire and B03034;

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“…The soil used was a Dunton loam (Fragic Allophanic Brown Soil) (Hewitt 1998), 0-20 cm depth, collected from an area near Te Anau that had not been fertilised. Soil was collected and dried under aseptic conditions and no rhizobia were detected (<0.4 g -1 soil) by a plant infection technique (Brockwell 1963) at sowing.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Growth In Agarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rhizobia from caucasian clover(Trifolium ambiguum)on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of white clover(Trifolium repens)

Pryor

Elliot

Lowther

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Three glasshouse trials investigated N 2 fixation in white clover following inoculation with rhizobia from caucasian clover. We grew white clover in agar, vermiculite/perlite and soils low in available-N and with no detectable rhizobia. Media were subsequently treated with inoculum containing rhizobia effective on either (i) caucasian clover, (ii) white clover, or (iii) mixtures of the two. The percentage of ineffective nodules on white clover increased as the proportion of rhizobia from caucasian clover in the inoculant mix increased. However, the percentages of ineffective nodules on white clover were less than the proportion of ineffective rhizobia in the inoculant, indicating that the ineffective rhizobia were less competitive in nodule formation. Foliage yield and symbiotic N 2 fixation in white clover were not significantly affected when ineffective rhizobia from caucasian clover made up 67% or less of the inoculant. A03019; Online publication date 26 February 2004 Received 3 April 2003; accepted 15 August 2003However, when ineffective rhizobia made up a high proportion of the inoculant mix (>92%), both foliage yield and N 2 fixation were significantly reduced compared with plants inoculated with only white clover rhizobia. Extrapolation of the present glasshouse results to the field is difficult and further field trials are required to determine if rhizobia from caucasian clover have any effect on symbiotic N 2 fixation of white clover in pastoral situations.

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New Zealand Soil Classification—Purposes and Principles

Cited by 159 publications

References 7 publications

Stabilising Characteristics of New Zealand Indigenous Riparian Colonising Plants

Stabilising Characteristics of New Zealand Indigenous Riparian Colonising Plants

The woody vegetation of Central Otago, New Zealand

Effect of rhizobia from caucasian clover(Trifolium ambiguum)on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of white clover(Trifolium repens)

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