New Zealand Tree and Giant Wētā (Orthoptera) Transcriptomics Reveal Divergent Selection Patterns in Metabolic Loci

Twort, Victoria; Newcomb, Richard D.; Buckley, Thomas R.

doi:10.1093/gbe/evz070

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…As we know, in the presence of oxygen, the PPO enzyme changes substances known as phenolic compounds (through a process of oxidation) into different compounds called quinones. The quinones then react with other compounds to form melanin, then the fruit and vegetables turned brown [19,20]. In the present results, we identified four AbPPO gene family members (AbPPO1, AbPPO2, AbPPO3 and AbPPO4) differentially expressed between the two groups, three (AbPPO1, AbPPO2, AbPPO3) of which were highly expressed in BS but lower in BT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Metabolomics and Transcriptomics unravel the mechanism of browning resistance in Agaricus bisporus

Cai

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Agaricus bisporus is widely used on the world market. The easy browning of mushroom surface is one of the most intuitive factors affecting consumer purchase. A certain cognition on browning mechanism have been made after years of research. At present, people slow down the browning of mushrooms mainly by improving preservation methods. In addition, breeding is also a reliable way. In the production practice, we have identified some browning resistant varieties,and we selected a browning-resistant variety to compare with ordinary variety to reveal the resistance mechanism. Using transcriptomics and metabolomics, the differences in gene expression and metabolite levels were revealed, respectively. The results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) like AbPPO4 , AbPPO3 and AbPPO2 were differently expressed and these DEGs involved in many pathways that related to browning. The expression of AbPPO expression play an important role in the browning of A. bisporus and multiple PPO family members are involved in the regulation of browning. However, the resistance to browning cannot be judged only by the expression level of AbPPOs . Formetabolomics, most of the different metabolites were organic acids. These organic acids had a higher level in anti-browning (BT) than easy-browning varieties (BS), although the profile was very heterogeneous. On the contrary, the content of trehalose in BS was significantly higher than that in BT. Higher organic acids decreased pH and further inhibited PPO activity. In addition, the BS had a higher content of trehalose, which might play roles in maintain the activity of PPO. The difference of browning resistance between BS and BT is mainly due to the differential regulation mechanism of PPO.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Metabolomics and Transcriptomics unravel the mechanism of browning resistance in Agaricus bisporus

Cai

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics and transcriptomics unravel the mechanism of browning resistance in Agaricus bisporus

Cai

Chen

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Agaricus bisporus is widely consumed on the world market. The easy browning of mushroom surface is one of the most intuitive factors affecting consumer purchase. A certain cognition on browning mechanism has been made after years of research. At present, people slow down the browning of mushrooms mainly by improving preservation methods. In addition, breeding is also a reliable way. In the production practice, we have identified some browning-resistant varieties, and we selected a browning-resistant variety to compare with an ordinary variety to reveal the resistance mechanism. Using transcriptomics and metabolomics, the differences in gene expression and metabolite levels were revealed, respectively. The results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) like AbPPO4, AbPPO3 and AbPPO2 were differently expressed and these DEGs were involved in many pathways related to browning. The expression of AbPPO expression play an important role in the browning of A. bisporus and multiple PPO family members are involved in the regulation of browning. However, the resistance to browning cannot be judged only by the expression level of AbPPOs. For metabolomics, most of the different metabolites were organic acids. These organic acids had a higher level in anti-browning (BT) than easy-browning varieties (BS), although the profile was very heterogeneous. On the contrary, the content of trehalose in BS was significantly higher than that in BT. Higher organic acids decreased pH and further inhibited PPO activity. In addition, the BS had a higher content of trehalose, which might play roles in maintaining PPO activity. The difference of browning resistance between BS and BT is mainly due to the differential regulation mechanism of PPO.

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“…( C ) The southern alpine grasshopper ( Sigaus australis ) is a diurnal herbivore within a cold-adapted endemic lineage. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed from ( A ) unpublished mtDNA genome sequences, ( B ) 755 transcriptomes [ 81 ], and ( C ) whole mtDNA genome sequences [ 82 ].…”

Section: Freeze-tolerant Insects In Aotearoa/new Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Freeze-Tolerance Downunder: The Microbial Connection

Morgan‐Richards

Marshall

Biggs

et al. 2023

Insects

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Insects that are freeze-tolerant start freezing at high sub-zero temperatures and produce small ice crystals. They do this using ice-nucleating agents that facilitate intercellular ice growth and prevent formation of large crystals where they can damage tissues. In Aotearoa/New Zealand the majority of cold adapted invertebrates studied survive freezing at any time of year, with ice formation beginning in the rich microbiome of the gut. Some freeze-tolerant insects are known to host symbiotic bacteria and/or fungi that produce ice-nucleating agents and we speculate that gut microbes of many New Zealand insects may provide ice-nucleating active compounds that moderate freezing. We consider too the possibility that evolutionary disparate freeze-tolerant insect species share gut microbes that are a source of ice-nucleating agents and so we describe potential transmission pathways of shared gut fauna. Despite more than 30 years of research into the freeze-tolerant mechanisms of Southern Hemisphere insects, the role of exogenous ice-nucleating agents has been neglected. Key traits of three New Zealand freeze-tolerant lineages are considered in light of the supercooling point (temperature of ice crystal formation) of microbial ice-nucleating particles, the initiation site of freezing, and the implications for invertebrate parasites. We outline approaches that could be used to investigate potential sources of ice-nucleating agents in freeze-tolerant insects and the tools employed to study insect microbiomes.

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New Zealand Tree and Giant Wētā (Orthoptera) Transcriptomics Reveal Divergent Selection Patterns in Metabolic Loci

Cited by 10 publications

References 99 publications

Metabolomics and Transcriptomics unravel the mechanism of browning resistance in Agaricus bisporus

Metabolomics and Transcriptomics unravel the mechanism of browning resistance in Agaricus bisporus

Metabolomics and transcriptomics unravel the mechanism of browning resistance in Agaricus bisporus

Insect Freeze-Tolerance Downunder: The Microbial Connection

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