Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections

Suarez, David L.; Miller, Patti J.; Koch, G.; Mundt, Egbert; Rautenschlein, Silke

doi:10.1002/9781119371199.ch3

Cited by 86 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 462 publications

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“…Third, estimates of inter-serotype evolutionary distances based on the nucleotide of the full-length genome revealed that UPO216 was relative close to APMV-1(0.43), APMV-9(0.64), APMV-12(0.78), and APMV-13(0.77), which clustered with UPO216 in phylogenetic analysis. However, the values of the evolutionary divergence were lower than those of the intra-serotypic distances of APMV-1, −2, −3, and −6 which genetic diversity within these serotypes has been reported (Alexander, 2003 ; Miller et al, 2010b ; Suarez et al, 2013 ). Considering the unique characteristics mentioned above, UPO216 appears to be a novel serotype that evolved from a common ancestor and now occupies a separate branch from APMV-1, −9, −12, and −13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Nine known serotypes (APMV-1 to -9) were discovered worldwide before the 1980s, and some APMV serotypes infect domestic poultry. Poultry, especially chickens, are highly susceptible to APMV-1, also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which causes substantial economic losses; however, serotypes APMV-2, −3, −6, and −7 cause only mild respiratory illness and/or egg drop in chickens and turkeys (Suarez et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergence and worldwide spread of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds in the early 2000s spurred the development of AI surveillance programs to better understand the ecology of AIVs in wild birds, especially waterfowl, worldwide (Miller et al, 2010a ). This has provided opportunities to better understand the ecology of APMVs, for which wild birds are considered natural hosts (Samal, 2011 ; Suarez et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (Putative Serotype 15) Isolated from Wild Birds

et al. 2017

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In January 2014, a viral hemagglutinating agent named UPO216 was isolated from fecal droppings of wild birds at the UPO wetland in South Korea during an avian influenza surveillance program. Electron microscopy identified the UPO216 virus as an avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Pathogenicity tests and molecular pathotyping revealed that the virus was avirulent in chickens. The UPO216 virus was assigned to a serological group antigenically distinct from known serotypes of APMV (−1, −2, −3, −4, −6, −7, −8, and −9) by hemagglutination inhibition test, despite showing weak cross-reactivity with APMV-1 and APMV-9. The UPO216 virus RNA genome is 15,180 nucleotides (nts) in length, encodes 3′-N-P(V/W)-M-F-HN-L-5′ in that order, and shows unique genetic characteristics in terms of genomic composition and evolutionary divergence (0.43 or greater from known serotypes of APMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the UPO216 occupies a branch separate from APMV-1, -9, -12, and -13. Serologic surveillance of wild birds (n = 880; 15 species, five Orders) detected UPO216-reactive antibodies in 4% (20/494) of serum samples taken from five species of wild duck belonging to the Order Anseriformes. In particular, UPO216-specific antibodies showing no cross-reaction with other serotypes of APMV were detected in four species: Eurasian teal (1/36), European wigeon (1/73), mallard (4/139), and Spot-Billed duck (1/137). These results indicate that the UPO216 virus has antigenically and genetically unique characteristics distinct from known serotypes of APMV and likely has been circulating widely in wild duck species of the Order Anseriformes. Thus, we propose the UPO216 isolate as a prototype strain of a novel APMV serotype (putative APMV-15).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (Putative Serotype 15) Isolated from Wild Birds

et al. 2017

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“…This is imperative owing to the close genetic association with isolates of Indonesian and Chinese origin from genotype VII (Chicken/BYP/Pakistan/2010) and highly pathogenic avian influenza strain H5N1 reported previously in Pakistan[18,55]. Genotype VII is composed of genetically diverse groups of viruses that have resulted in a number of epidemics in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and South America[39,46,50]. Added to this, the sub-genotype VIIi has been isolated from multiple avian species including poultry and pet-birds in Asia, Western Europe and Middle East[40, 58], and has the potential of panzootic intercontinental spread[16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic and biological characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

et al. 2018

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Given the global evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), it is imperative to continue extensive surveillance, routine monitoring and characterization of isolates originating from natural reservoirs (waterfowls). In this report, we isolated and characterized two virulent NDV strains from clinically healthy mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Both isolates had a genome of 15,192 nucleotides encoding six genes in an order of 3´-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5´. The biological characteristics (mean death time: 49.5-50 hr, EID10 ml) and presence of a typical cleavage site in the fusion (F) protein (112R-R-Q-K-R↓F117) confirmed the velogenic nature of these isolates. Phylogenetic analysis classified both isolates as members of genotype VII within class-II. Furthermore, based upon the hypervariable region of the F gene (375 nt), isolates showed clustering within sub-genotype VIIi. Similarity index and parallel comparison revealed a higher nucleotide divergence from commonly used vaccine strains; LaSota (21%) and Mukteswar (17%). A comparative residues analysis with representative strains of different genotypes, including vaccine strains, revealed a number of substitutions at important structural and functional domains within the F and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins. Together, the results highlight consistent evolution among circulating NDVs supporting extensive surveillance of the virus in waterfowl to better elucidate epidemiology, evolutionary relationships and their impacts on commercial and backyard poultry.

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“…However, we decided to humanely kill them all at 48 hours post challenge due to severe clinical signs of disease and high mortality that were already increasing within 24 hours. The reduced quality of RNA extracted from infected birds in comparison with healthy birds was another limitation of this study that was an unavoidable consequence of destruction of the host transcriptome during the acute phase of paramyxovirus infection 69 .…”

Section: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Of Differentially Expressed Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of the molecular pathogenesis of virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in chickens revealed by transcriptomic profiling of spleen

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et al. 2020

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has caused significant outbreaks in South-East Asia, particularly in Indonesia in recent years. Recently emerged genotype VII NDVs (NDV-GVII) have shifted their tropism from gastrointestinal/respiratory tropism to a lymphotropic virus, invading lymphoid organs including spleen and bursa of Fabricius to cause profound lymphoid depletion. In this study, we aimed to identify candidate genes and biological pathways that contribute to the disease caused by this neurotropic velogenic NDV-GVII. A transcriptomic analysis based on RNA-Seq of spleen was performed in chickens challenged with NDV-GVII and a control group. In total, 6361 genes were differentially expressed that included 3506 up-regulated genes and 2855 down-regulated genes. Real-Time PCR of ten selected genes validated the RNA-Seq results as the correlation between them is 0.98. Functional and network analysis of DEGs showed altered regulation of ElF2 signalling, mTOR signalling, proliferation of lymphatic system cells, signalling by Rho family GTPases and synaptogenesis signalling in spleen. We have also identified modified expression of IFIT5, PI3K, AGT and PLP1 genes in NDV-GVII infected chickens. Our findings in activation of autophagy-mediated cell death, lymphotropic and synaptogenesis signalling pathways provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this newly emerged NDV-GVII.

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Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections

Cited by 86 publications

References 462 publications

A Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (Putative Serotype 15) Isolated from Wild Birds

A Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (Putative Serotype 15) Isolated from Wild Birds

Genomic and biological characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Indicators of the molecular pathogenesis of virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in chickens revealed by transcriptomic profiling of spleen

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