Newcastle disease outbreaks in domestic fowl and turkeys in Great Britain during 1997

Alexander, D. J.; Morris, Harry; Pollitt, W. J.; Sharpe, Caroline; Eckford, R. L.; Sainsbury, R. M.; Mansley, L. M.; Gough, R. E.; Parsons, G.

doi:10.1136/vr.143.8.209

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Antigenic (Alexander et al, 1998) and genetic diversity (Aldous et al, 2003) are recognized within the NDV isolates, which are all members of the APMV-1 serotype. Based on the nucleotide sequence there have been at least six distinct lineages identified for NDV (Aldous et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

et al. 2008

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The VillegasÁGlisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the intestine of healthy turkeys has been proposed to replicate in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens. In the present study, the virus distribution, the mucosal and systemic immune response, the efficacy against lethal challenge and the full genome sequence of the VG/GA strain were compared with the La Sota strain of NDV. The VG/GA strain was detected at different time points in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens with a preferential tropism for the latter. Both the VG/GA and La Sota strains induced NDVspecific immunoglobulin A (IgA) at the upper respiratory tract. IgA levels were higher in the trachea for the La Sota strain, while they were higher in the bile and intestine for the VG/GA strain. Positive correlation between virus distribution of the viruses and IgA production was observed. Despite the presence of the maternal antibodies in broilers, early vaccination with the VG/GA strain afforded 95% to 100% protection against lethal challenge, equivalent to the protection conferred by the La Sota strain. Full genome sequence analysis classified the VG/GA strain within class II, genotype II viruses, which also include most of the respirotropic vaccine strains. Differences with the La Sota strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels that may explain the differential phenotype of the VG/GA were observed; however, verification of the significance of those changes is required. Taken together, these results validate field observations on the efficacy of VG/ GA vaccination and demonstrated the unique characteristics of the strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

et al. 2008

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“…As other scientists mentioned, intestinal infection by fecal-oral route would be the main cause of NDV infections (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Birds Surveillance for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Khozestan Province

Talazade¹,

Mayahi²

2013

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Background:Wild aquatic birds are considered as reservoir hosts for Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) and may act as vectors for transferring these viruses to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease. Recent studies suggested that the velogenic viruses arise from avirulent strains originating from wild birds. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the aquatic birds of Khozestan province were infected with NDV. Materials and Methods: In winter, 24 Muscovey ducks from Shoshtar, 20 geese from Dezfoul and 51 geese from Khorramshahr (Aquatic birds of Khozestan province) were bled, and birds' sera were collected and used in HI assay and antibody titer to NDV were determined. Beta procedure of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed in U-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates with 0.5% chicken erythrocytes.Results: All serum samples tested for antibodies against hemagglutinin by HI assay had positive results, and all of these birds had high levels of antibody titer to the NDV. Conclusion:The results in the present study clearly showed that the aquatic birds of Khozestan province population in Iran carries NDVs, and may act as one of the important reservoirs for this virus. So it was concluded that detection and elimination of these birds can be a valuable tool for the control of Newcastle Disease outbreaks.

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“…Several Newcastle disease outbreaks in chickens have been attributed to PPMV-1, which makes it a real threat to the poultry industry (Alexander et al, 1985b(Alexander et al, , 1997(Alexander et al, , 1998Anonymous, 1984;Irvine et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2006; Werner et al, 1999). The F proteins of all PPMV-1 strains examined to date contain a poly-basic cleavage site motif, a (Alexander & Parsons, 1984;Collins et al, 1994;Kommers et al, 2001Kommers et al, , 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passaging of a Newcastle disease virus pigeon variant in chickens results in selection of viruses with mutations in the polymerase complex enhancing virus replication and virulence

Dortmans

Rottier

Koch

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Some Newcastle disease virus (NDV) variants isolated from pigeons (pigeon paramyxovirus type 1; PPMV-1) do not show their full virulence potential for domestic chickens but may become virulent upon spread in these animals. In this study we examined the molecular changes responsible for this gain of virulence by passaging a low-pathogenic PPMV-1 isolate in chickens. Complete genome sequencing of virus obtained after 1, 3 and 5 passages showed the increase in virulence was not accompanied by changes in the fusion protein -a well known virulence determinant of NDV -but by mutations in the L and P replication proteins. The effect of these mutations on virulence was confirmed by means of reverse genetics using an infectious cDNA clone. Acquisition of three amino acid mutations, two in the L protein and one in the P protein, significantly increased virulence as determined by intracerebral pathogenicity index tests in dayold chickens. The mutations enhanced virus replication in vitro and in vivo and increased the plaque size in infected cell culture monolayers. Furthermore, they increased the activity of the viral replication complex as determined by an in vitro minigenome replication assay. Our data demonstrate that PPMV-1 replication in chickens results in mutations in the polymerase complex rather than the viral fusion protein, and that the virulence level of pigeon paramyxoviruses is directly related to the activity of the viral replication complex. INTRODUCTIONNewcastle disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), or avian paramyxovirus type 1, is an economically important disease of birds. Periodic outbreaks of Newcastle disease severely affect the poultry industry and, therefore, many countries rely on compulsory vaccination. NDV is classified in the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae (Mayo, 2002) and has a non-segmented negative-strand RNA genome consisting of six transcriptional units (Lamb & Parks, 2007). These encode at least six proteins: the nucleocapsid protein (NP), the phosphoprotein (P), the matrix protein (M), the fusion protein (F), the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the polymerase (L) protein. During P gene transcription an additional, non-structural protein (V) is produced by means of mRNA editing (Steward et al., 1993) and functions as an interferon antagonist (Park et al., 2003). The M, F and HN proteins are associated with the viral envelope, in which the M protein is involved in budding and morphogenesis, whereas F and HN mediate the entry and release of NDV. The virulence of NDV is mainly determined by the amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of the F protein. Virulent NDV strains can be discriminated from low-or non-virulent strains by the presence of multiple basic amino acids at the proteolytic cleavage site of the F protein (Nagai et al., 1976; Ogasawara et al., 1992). The NP protein encapsidates the RNA genome to form the nucleocapsid and associates with the P and L proteins. The P protein is essential for viral RNA synthesis and is involved in all of ...

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Newcastle disease outbreaks in domestic fowl and turkeys in Great Britain during 1997

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis

Aquatic Birds Surveillance for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Khozestan Province

Passaging of a Newcastle disease virus pigeon variant in chickens results in selection of viruses with mutations in the polymerase complex enhancing virus replication and virulence

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