Newer antibacterials in therapy and clinical trial

Paknikar, Simi S; Sarala, N

doi:10.4103/1947-2714.103312

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[42] The strategies for limiting or modifying antibiotic use are needed to control resistance growth and to improve the rational use of antibiotics. [43] The seven strategies to prevent antibiotic resistance that were suggested by Kollef in 2005[44] are as follows: (1) Establishment of a formal protocol and guidelines, (2) Hospital formulary restrictions, (3) Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics when supported by clinical situation and culture data, (4) Combination antibiotic therapy, (5) Shorter courses of antibiotic treatment, (6) Antibiotic heterogeneity, and (7) Optimization of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in sepsis patients: Evaluation and recommendation of antibiotic use

et al. 2013

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Background:The appropriate selection of empirical antibiotics based on the pattern of local antibiotic resistance can reduce the mortality rate and increase the rational use of antibiotics.Aims:We analyze the pattern of antibiotic use and the sensitivity patterns of antibiotics to support the rational use of antibiotics in patients with sepsis.Materials and Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted in adult sepsis patient at one of Indonesian hospital during January-December 2011. Data were collected from the hospital medical record department. Descriptive analysis was used in the processing and interpretation of data.Results:A total of 76 patients were included as research subjects. Lung infection was the highest source of infection. In the 66.3% of clinical specimens that were culture positive for microbes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus hominis were detected with the highest frequency. The six most frequently used antibiotics, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin, showed an average resistance above 50%.Conclusions:The high use of antibiotic with a high level resistance requires a policy to support its rational use. Local microbial pattern based on site infection and pattern of antibiotics sensitivity test can be used as supporting data to optimize appropriateness of empirical antibiotics therapy in sepsis patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in sepsis patients: Evaluation and recommendation of antibiotic use

et al. 2013

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“…The process of discovering newer antibiotics is a lengthy one and requires a lot of financial resources. [14] Hence, it is important to have a scientific basis while prescribing antibiotics and this article aims to standardize the use of proper antibiotics in adenoid infection through culture studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriology of symptomatic adenoids in children

et al. 2013

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Background:Children with adenoid hypertrophy have been shown to harbor pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx despite antibiotics. Removal of the adenoid is associated with a reduction in the bacterial count.Aims:The study was done to determine the bacteriology of the adenoid tissue in chronic adenotonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy, and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of potential pathogens.Materials and Methods:This is a descriptive study conducted on 100 patients aged between three and twelve years who underwent adenotonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. After adenoidectomy, the specimen along with the swab taken from the surface of the adenoid was sent for microbiological examination. After 48 and 96 hours, the microbial growth was identified and the antibiotic-sensitivity pattern of the isolate was studied.Results:Aerobic organisms grew in 93% of the specimens and anaerobic organisms in 68%, whereas 7% had no growth. The surface was predominated by commensals and the pathogens were mainly found in the core. The predominant pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus species. The organisms were resistant to penicillin but showed sensitivity to co-amoxiclav and ciprofloxacin. Co-amoxiclav and ciprofloxacin should be considered as the first line of medical treatment for adenotonsillar diseases.Conclusions:Infection is the main cause of adenoid hypertrophy. Amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate and ciprofloxacin should be considered as the drugs of choice for all adenotonsillar diseases. Early and prompt treatment of adenoid hypertrophy with appropriate antibiotics will avoid unnecessary exposure to repeated antimicrobial therapy, thereby maintaining the beneficial effects of the normal adenoid flora.

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“…The barriers that prevent facile transfer of vanA resistance into S. aureus are not well understood, and there is concern that these barriers may be overcome with continued evolution. While there is interest in substrate binders as a class, none of the ones that recognize the sugar pyrophosphate portion of Lipid II have been developed for clinical use, although ramoplanin is in clinical trials (Paknikar and Narayana 2012). As with vancomycin, high level resistance to ramoplanin does not develop spontaneously.…”

Section: Antibiotics Targeting the Cell Envelopementioning

confidence: 99%

Envelope Structures of Gram-Positive Bacteria

Rajagopal

Walker

2015

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

190

188

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Gram-positive organisms, including the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis, have dynamic cell envelopes that mediate interactions with the environment and serve as the first line of defense against toxic molecules. Major components of the cell envelope include peptidoglycan, which is a well-established target for antibiotics, teichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides, surface proteins, and phospholipids. These components can undergo modification to promote pathogenesis, decrease susceptibility to antibiotics and host immune defenses, and enhance survival in hostile environments. This chapter will cover the structure, biosynthesis and important functions of major cell envelope components in Gram-positive bacteria. Possible targets for new antimicrobials will be noted.

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Newer antibacterials in therapy and clinical trial

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Antibiotic resistance in sepsis patients: Evaluation and recommendation of antibiotic use

Antibiotic resistance in sepsis patients: Evaluation and recommendation of antibiotic use

Bacteriology of symptomatic adenoids in children

Envelope Structures of Gram-Positive Bacteria

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