NewHope on ARM Cortex-M

Alkım, Erdem; Jakubeit, Philipp; Schwabe, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49445-6_19

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is typically used to improve the multiplication capacity [24,25,26]. Recent research on NTT applications involves with the Intel processors by Seiler [27], Lyubashevsky [28], and ARM Cortex-M4 in [29]. Kyber algorithm also applies NTT to accelerate multiplication performance.…”

Section: Ntt Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

A pure hardware implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER PQC algorithm through resource reuse

Huang

Lei

et al. 2020

IEICE Electron. Express

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This paper presents a pure hardware implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER algorithm on Xilinx FPGAs. CRYSTALS-KYBER is one of 26 candidate algorithms in Round 2 of NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization process. The proposed design focuses on maximizing resource utilization by reusing most of the functional modules in the encapsulation and decapsulation processes of the algorithm. For instance, the hash module integrates several different hash functions in one module. Efficient parallel and pipelined computations are applied in the NTT module. Through the analysis of simulation and synthesis results, it is found that the proposed work has the advantages of higher frequencies and lower execution times. The scheme operates at 155 MHz and 192 MHz frequencies on Xilinx Artix-7 and Virtex-7 FPGAs, respectively. Compared with the performance of an embedded Cortex-M4 processor, the hardware implementation can achieve a maximum speedup of 129 times for encryption/decryption.

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Section: Ntt Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

A pure hardware implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER PQC algorithm through resource reuse

Huang

Lei

et al. 2020

IEICE Electron. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Optimized implementations of NewHope have also been proposed and their computational performance measured on Intel platforms. Alkim et al [63] even evaluated their NewHope algorithm also in the ARM platform. However, the results have focused on computational complexity (where units have been cycle counts).…”

Section: Related Benchmarks Of Post-quantum Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Efficiency of Physical and Cryptographic Security Solutions for Quantum Immune IoT

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The threat of quantum-computer-assisted cryptanalysis is forcing the security community to develop new types of security protocols. These solutions must be secure against classical and post-quantum cryptanalysis techniques as well as feasible for all kinds of devices, including energy-restricted Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The quantum immunity can be implemented in the cryptographic layer, e.g., by using recent lattice-based key exchange algorithms NewHope or Frodo, or in the physical layer of wireless communication, by utilizing eavesdropping-resistant secrecy coding techniques. In this study, we explore and compare the feasibility and energy efficiency of selected cryptographic layer and physical layer approaches by applying an evaluation approach that is based on simulation and modeling. In particular, we consider NewHope and Frodo key exchange algorithms as well as novel physical layer secrecy coding approach that is based on polar codes. The results reveal that our proposed physical layer implementation is very competitive with respect to the cryptographic solutions, particularly in short-range wireless communication. We also observed that the total energy consumption is unequally divided between transmitting and receiving devices in all the studied approaches. This may be an advantage when designing security architectures for energy-restricted devices.

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“…NewHope also needs to sample random values from a binomial distribution . For reconciliation mechanism, we follow the method in [18] and may use non-floating-point arithmetic [34] in our future work. The overview of NewHope is described in Figure 2.…”

Section: Lizard and Ring-lizard Lizard Encryption Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Portable Implementation of Postquantum Encryption Schemes and Key Exchange Protocols on JavaScript-Enabled Platforms

Yuan

Xiao

Fukushima

et al. 2018

Security and Communication Networks

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Quantum computers have the potential to solve some difficult mathematical problems efficiently and thus will inevitably exert a more significant impact on the traditional asymmetric cryptography. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has opened a formal call for the submission of proposals of quantum-resistant public-key cryptographic algorithms to set the next-generation cryptography standards. Compared to powerful machines with ample amount of hardware resources such as racks of servers and IoT devices, including the massive number of microcontrollers, smart terminals, and sensor nodes with limited computing capacity, should also have some postquantum cryptography features for security and privacy. To ensure the correct execution of encryption algorithms on any platforms, the portability of implementation becomes more important. As distinguished from C/C++, JavaScript is a popular cross-platform language that can be used for the web applications and some hardware platforms directly, and it could be one of the solutions of portability. Therefore, we investigate and implement several recent lattice-based encryption schemes and public-key exchange protocols including Lizard, ring-Lizard, Kyber, Frodo, and NewHope in JavaScript, which are the active candidates of postquantum cryptography due to their applicabilities and efficiencies. We show and compare the performance of our JavaScript implementation on web browsers, embedded device Tessel2, Android phone, and several JavaScript-enabled platforms on PC and Mac. Our work shows that implementing lattice-based cryptography on JavaScript-enabled platforms is achievable and results in desirable portability.

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NewHope on ARM Cortex-M

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

A pure hardware implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER PQC algorithm through resource reuse

A pure hardware implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER PQC algorithm through resource reuse

Evaluating the Efficiency of Physical and Cryptographic Security Solutions for Quantum Immune IoT

Portable Implementation of Postquantum Encryption Schemes and Key Exchange Protocols on JavaScript-Enabled Platforms

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