A Newton-Okounkov body is a convex body constructed from a polarized variety
with a valuation on its function field. Kaveh (resp., the first author and
Naito) proved that the Newton-Okounkov body of a Schubert variety associated
with a specific valuation is identical to the Littelmann string polytope
(resp., the Nakashima-Zelevinsky polyhedral realization) of a Demazure crystal.
These specific valuations are defined algebraically to be the highest term
valuations with respect to certain local coordinate systems on a Bott-Samelson
variety. Another class of valuations, which is geometrically natural, arises
from some sequence of subvarieties of a polarized variety. In this paper, we
show that the highest term valuation used by Kaveh (resp., by the first author
and Naito) and the valuation coming from a sequence of specific subvarieties of
the Schubert variety are identical on a perfect basis with some positivity
properties. The existence of such a perfect basis follows from a
categorification of the negative part of the quantized enveloping algebra. As a
corollary, we prove that the associated Newton-Okounkov bodies coincide through
an explicit affine transformation.Comment: 21 pages, to appear in J. London Math. Soc. (2