Next generation bioelectronics: Advances in fabrication coupled with clever chemistries enable the effective integration of biomaterials and organic conductors

Neural Engineering

“…When characterizing NT-3 release and spiral ganglion neuron behavior, the small anionic dopant pTS outperformed the other common PPy dopants, dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS), poly(3-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(2-methoxyaniline-4-sulfonic acid) (PMAS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) . PPy/dopant composite fi lms incorporating these anions have been extensively characterized by the Schmidt and Wallace groups (Hardy et al 2013 ;Molino and Wallace 2015 ;Collier et al 2000 ;Liu et al 2009 ;Stewart et al 2015 ).…”

“…Several synthetic and natural organic materials have been studied for their potential application in neural tissue engineering; many reviews highlight the pioneering and signifi cant contributions from earlier studies (Wrobel 2013 ;Balint et al 2014 ;Bosi et al 2014 ;Hardy et al 2013 ;Huang et al 2014 ;Kaur et al 2015 ;Khaing et al 2014 ;Lanmuller et al 1997 ;Molino and Wallace 2015 ;Palermo et al 2007 ;Zhang et al 2014a ). Conductive materials that have been investigated for neural tissue engineering (NTE) applications can be generally classifi ed as inherently conductive polymers (ICPs) , piezoelectric, and nanostructured carbons.…”

Organic Bioelectronics: From Functional Materials to Next‐Generation Devices and Power Sources

“…[46] While these methods enable the mass production of organic bioelectronic devices with low cost, more niche methods such as freezedrying, 2-photon polymerization, electrospinning, and 3D printing, lead to the formation of free-standing or 3D architectures that mimic the complexity and dimensions of biological milieu. [47] The different form factors CPs can take allow them to emulate biological structures, resulting in device geometries that are not possible with other materials, such as transistors integrated on woven fibers, [48,49] implants containing cell-integrated electrodes, [50] or CPs infused into plants. [51,52] Gentle processing conditions allow in situ integration of biological compounds such as proteins, and even living cells, into the conducting polymer network, thus forming intimate bioelectronic interfaces at different length scales.…”

Chemically Modified Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals by Temperature-Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via Surface Initiated Radical Polymerization

“…In previous years, researchers have focused on the synthesis of smart surface materials with new features applicable in biological functional materials, medication transfer systems, biochemistry, bioelectronics, regenerative medicine, hybrid materials and surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One of such materials is polymeric nanomaterials.…”