Next-generation frequency domain diffuse optical imaging systems using silicon photomultipliers

Kitsmiller, Vincent J.; O’Sullivan, Thomas D.

doi:10.1364/ol.44.000562

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Digital modulation and/or detection schemes have led to significantly faster (

) and compact FD-NIRS systems. 32 – 36 Creating new, application-specific integrated circuits for FD-NIRS modulation/demodulation, 37 combined with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 38 , 39 and silicon photomultiplier detectors 40 , 41 could lead to ultracompact, wearable, and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) FD-NIRS sensors.…”

Section: Hardware Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report

et al. 2022

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. This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain health and function. While the first report focused on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies, here, we highlight optical spectroscopy and imaging methods relevant to noninvasive human brain studies. We outline current state-of-the-art technologies and software advances, explore the most recent impact of these technologies on neuroscience and clinical applications, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.

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“…Digital modulation and/or detection schemes have led to significantly faster (

Section: Hardware Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report

et al. 2022

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“…In 2019, Wang et al [ 52 ] verified the feasibility of using SiPMs as the detectors for FD-NIRS/DOT. In the same year, Kitsmiller and O’Sullivan [ 53 ] replaced the APD with SiPM in a FD-NIRS system, leading to a 5-30 dB increase in SNR. The SiPM was then implemented to realize a lightweight, handheld, real-time FD-NIRS system in the same year [ 54 ].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Fd-nirs Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, thanks to their relatively small size and in-built amplification, another type of photodetectors, APDs, have been widely employed in FD-NIRS devices [ 18 – 25 , 32 – 35 , 37 – 51 , 53 , 54 , 56 – 68 ]. In particular, APDs possess internal gains of 10 2 - 10 3 and low dark currents (∼0.1-100 nA at 25 °C [ 84 ]), providing exceptional SNRs.…”

Section: Light Sources and Detectors And Phase Measurement Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of recent advances in frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy technologies [Invited]

Zhou¹,

Xia

Uchitel

et al. 2023

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Over the past several decades, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a popular research and clinical tool for non-invasively measuring the oxygenation of biological tissues, with particular emphasis on applications to the human brain. In most cases, NIRS studies are performed using continuous-wave NIRS (CW-NIRS), which can only provide information on relative changes in chromophore concentrations, such as oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, as well as estimates of tissue oxygen saturation. Another type of NIRS known as frequency-domain NIRS (FD-NIRS) has significant advantages: it can directly measure optical pathlength and thus quantify the scattering and absorption coefficients of sampled tissues and provide direct measurements of absolute chromophore concentrations. This review describes the current status of FD-NIRS technologies, their performance, their advantages, and their limitations as compared to other NIRS methods. Significant landmarks of technological progress include the development of both benchtop and portable/wearable FD-NIRS technologies, sensitive front-end photonic components, and high-frequency phase measurements. Clinical applications of FD-NIRS technologies are discussed to provide context on current applications and needed areas of improvement. The review concludes by providing a roadmap toward the next generation of fully wearable, low-cost FD-NIRS systems.

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“…Due to these advantages, SiPMs have been introduced for imaging purposes (thus also for DOT) in many diffuse optics applications. For example, SiPMs have been used for CW imaging system (see, for example, Refs [23,24]) while several works show the suitability of SiPMs for DOT systems working both in frequency domain [25,26] and time domain. In the latter case, a couple of previous works described the first TD-DOT systems based on SiPM detectors [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Dual-Wavelength Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography System for Functional Brain Imaging Based on Probe-Hosted Silicon Photomultipliers

David

Sieno

Behera

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Near-infrared diffuse optical tomography is a non-invasive photonics-based imaging technology suited to functional brain imaging applications. Recent developments have proved that it is possible to build a compact time-domain diffuse optical tomography system based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) detectors. The system presented in this paper was equipped with the same eight SiPM probe-hosted detectors, but was upgraded with six injection fibers to shine the sample at several points. Moreover, an automatic switch was included enabling a complete measurement to be performed in less than one second. Further, the system was provided with a dual-wavelength (670 n m and 820 n m ) light source to quantify the oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration evolution in the tissue. This novel system was challenged against a solid phantom experiment, and two in-vivo tests, namely arm occlusion and motor cortex brain activation. The results show that the tomographic system makes it possible to follow the evolution of brain activation over time with a 1 s -resolution.

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Next-generation frequency domain diffuse optical imaging systems using silicon photomultipliers

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report

Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report

Review of recent advances in frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy technologies [Invited]

Real-Time Dual-Wavelength Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography System for Functional Brain Imaging Based on Probe-Hosted Silicon Photomultipliers

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