Next generation phage display by use of pVII and pIX as display scaffolds

Virus Outbreaks in Chemical and Biological Sensors

“…The number of minor coat proteins at each tip of the virion (pIII and pVI are on one end, pVII and pIX are on the other) ranges from three to five copies, while the major coat protein pVIII constitutes 2700∼4000 copies depending upon the length of the viral genes [20] (Figure 2). With pIII in the lead, each of the coat protein has been successfully employed for the display of polypeptides [21–23]. …”

“…There are two types of phage displays in terms of the copy number of fusion proteins: multivalent (or polyvalent) and paucivalent (or monovalent) [20–23] (Figure 3). The multivalent display has been accomplished using phage vectors and is usually required for the initial screening of scaffold proteins, such as scFv and Fab, which have lower affinity.…”

Chemical modulation of M13 bacteriophage and its functional opportunities for nanomedicine

“…Recently, interest in two alternative coat proteins, pVII and pIX, which are located at the opposite end, has increased both for genetic engineering and for subsequent chemical modification because they are relatively less involved in phage stability and infectivity. 50 An enzymatic approach for conjugating synthetic molecules to the phage particle in a highly efficient, site-specific manner has also been reported. 51 The authors showed that pIII, pVIII, and pIX can be functionalized with a broad range of molecules from small molecules to folded proteins in a site-specific manner with higher yields than conventional genetic engineering approaches.…”

The Phage Display Technique: Advantages and Recent Patents

“…Kwa nikowski et al (2005) described the genetically stable fusion of scFv fragments to gene VII directly in the phage genome; Khalil et al (2007) described an application exploiting the feature of a bispecific filamentous phage virion, in which an exogenous peptide is displayed at each distal tip of the same virion [120,121]. Løset (2010) described for the first time that the filamentous phage genome tolerates a V-terminal peptide modification, not harboring a signal sequence of pVII without interfering with the viability and functionality of the phage [122]. In this case, the structural coat protein pVII of the filamentous phage virion is genetically altered in such a way that the modified version encodes an N-terminal sequence tag.…”