NexTech's FlexCell Technology for Planar SOFC Stacks

Day, Michael; Swartz, S. L.; Arkenberg, Gene

doi:10.1149/1.3570013

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…4 Planar SOFC cells, especially anode-(hydrogen electrode-) supported cells, have recently been scaled up to sizes having active areas (e.g., 500-1000 cm 2 ) suitable for uses in large power systems. Manufacture of planar cells as large as 1200 cm 2 in total area has been demonstrated 17 and planar SOFC stacks of up to 15 kW have been built and operated for thousands of hours. Segmented-cells-in-series SOFCs has been made into practical assembly/ stack sizes (e.g., 60-cell assemblies of 60 W output 18 ).…”

Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel and Power Production

Minh

Mogensen

2013

Interface magazine

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A reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) is a device that can operate efficiently in both fuel cell and electrolysis operating modes. Thus, in the fuel cell mode, an RSOFC functions as an SOFC, generating electricity by electrochemical combination of a fuel (hydrogen, hydrocarbons, alcohols, etc.) with air (oxygen in the air). In the electrolysis mode, an RSOFC functions as an electrolyzer (in this case, referred to as a solid oxide electrolysis cell or SOEC), producing hydrogen (from water) or chemicals such as syngas (from mixtures of water and carbon dioxide) when coupled with an energy source (fossil, nuclear, renewable). Figure 1 illustrates the operating principles of the RSOFC. The RSOFC has the following attractive features (demonstrated or potential): compatibility (environmentally compatible with reduced CO 2 emissions in power generation mode), flexibility (fuel flexible and suitable for integration with any type of energy sources), capability (useful for different functions), adaptability (suitable for a variety of applications and adaptable to local energy needs), and affordability (competitive in costs). 1 The RSOFC thus possesses all the desired characteristics to serve as a technology base for green, flexible, and efficient energy systems in the future (Fig. 2).Sustainable energy systems based on the RSOFC for the future is feasible. An example of such a system is shown schematically in Fig. 3. In this system, the RSOFC, operating in the electrolysis mode, uses a renewable energy supply (e.g., solar, wind, hydro) to produce hydrogen (from H 2 O) or syngas (H 2 +CO) (from mixtures of H 2 O and CO 2 ). The chemicals produced can be used to generate power by the same RSOFC operating in the fuel cell mode or can be stored or converted to other chemicals/fuels for subsequent uses. Similarly, the RSOFC can generate power from biomass-derived fuels and the electricity generated can then be used for a variety of power generation applications.The RSOFC is both the SOFC and SOEC incorporated in a single unit. Since the SOEC is the SOFC operated in reverse mode and traditionally derived from the SOFC, the RSOFC being developed is typically based from the more technologically advanced SOFC. Thus, materials for the RSOFC are those commonly used in the SOFC, i.e., yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for the electrolyte, perovskites (such as lanthanum strontium manganese oxide or LSM, lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide or LSCF) for the oxygen electrode, nickel/YSZ cermet for the hydrogen electrode and for stacking, conductive oxides (such as lanthanum strontium chromium perovskite or LSC) or stainless steels for the interconnect (depending on the operating temperature). Like the SOFC, the RSOFC operates in the temperature range of 600 o -1000 o C. Specific operating temperature depends on cell/stack designs and selected materials. 2,3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell TechnologyThe RSOFC is fundamentally and technologically based on SOFC technology. In the past 20 years, the SOFC has received significant attention as a ...

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Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel and Power Production

Minh

Mogensen

2013

Interface magazine

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“…Thus, as long as the cell gets a stable fuel supply, it seems viable for many years of operation without replacements, and the ceramic interconnects have no negative influence of the long term performance of the cell. There are also other publications documenting the stable performance of the SOFC based on these standard materials tested without metallic interconnects (4,5). However, the prediction assumes that no volatile elements are introduced in the stack for other purposes, for instance as glass sealing.…”

Section: Long Term Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an All Ceramic SOFC

Wærnhus¹,

Vik²,

Ilea³

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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High temperature SOFC with operation temperature from 800-1000 o C is suitable for high efficiency fuel cell systems based on heat integration with other technologies, such as SOFC-GT, gasification or hydrogen production. This requires alternatives to the commonly used metallic interconnects. Prototech is currently developing an all ceramic SOFC suitable for operation in this temperature region in larger systems with heat integration.

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“…In addition, sub-MW-level SOFC stacks can operate at optimal fuel efficiencies, making them ideal for use in distributed power generation applications as compared with conventional gas turbines which require GW-level operations to reach optimum efficiencies [2,[11][12][13]. Furthermore, the reverse operation of SOFCs as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a versatile method for energy storage and is critical to complement power grids with high proportions of renewable energy such as wind or solar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study of Electrode Materials in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Blinn

Chen

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent next-generation energy sources with high energy conversion efficiencies, low pollutant emissions, good flexibility with a wide variety of fuels, and excellent modularity suitable for distributed power generation. As an electrochemical energy conversion device, the SOFC's performance and reliability depend sensitively on the catalytic activity and stability of electrode materials. To date, however, the development of electrode materials and microstructures is still based largely on trial-and-error methods because of the inadequate understanding of electrode process mechanisms. Therefore, the identification of key descriptors/properties for electrode materials or functional heterogeneous interfaces, especially under in situ/operando conditions, may provide guidance for the design of optimal electrode materials and microstructures. Here, Raman spectroscopy is ideally suited for the probing and mapping of chemical species present on electrode surfaces under operating conditions. And to boost the sensitivity toward electrode surface species, the surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique can be employed, in which thermally robust SERS probes (e.g., Ag@ SiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles) are designed to make in situ/operando analysis possible. This review summarizes recent progresses in the investigation of SOFC electrode materials through Raman spectroscopic techniques, including topics of early stage carbon deposition (coking), coking-resistant anode modification, sulfur poisoning, and cathode degradation. In addition, future perspectives for utilizing the in situ/operando SERS for investigations of other electrochemical surfaces and interfaces are also discussed.

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NexTech's FlexCell Technology for Planar SOFC Stacks

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel and Power Production

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel and Power Production

Development of an All Ceramic SOFC

In Situ and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study of Electrode Materials in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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