NG Radio Access Network (NG-RAN)

Bertényi, Balázs; Burbidge, Richard; Masini, Gino; Sirotkin, Sasha; Yin, Guangwen

doi:10.13052/jicts2245-800x.614

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In this architecture, both the LTE and NR radio access are provided by the NG-RAN; the NG-RAN node (the BS) consists of the next generation NodeB (gNB) and the next generation eNodeB (ng-eNB). Furthermore, the ng-eNB provides the control plane (CP) as well as the user plane (UP) functions of the LTE/EUTRA towards the UE while the gNB (which is the 5G base station) delivers the UP and CP functions of the 5G NR [35]. The Xn interface interconnects both the gNBs and ng-eNBs, while the NG interfaces connect both the ng-eNBs and gNBs to the 5GC, which is directly connected to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) through the NG-C (NG control plane) interface as well as to the UP Function through the NG-U (NG user plane) interface [21], [36].…”

Section: G Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

5G Mobile Communication Applications: A Survey and Comparison of Use Cases

et al. 2021

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The mobile demands and future business context are anticipated to be resolved by the fifthgeneration (5G) of mobile communication systems. It is expected to provide an utterly mobile device, connected society, and support the demanding services of various use cases (UCs). This is intended to meet the demand requirement by providing services at tens of Gbps in terms of data rates, higher mobility range, lower latencies, and massive connectivity density devices per square kilometer. A comprehensive and up-todate survey of the different developed and proposed use cases is presented in this paper. The first part of the paper presents the overview of the new 5G Architecture by introducing new features such as the new radio interface (New Radio), an overview of the 5G Core Network, minimum requirements, and the Radio Access Network, 5G spectrum requirements and other fundamentals of the network. Secondly, a detailed review of the developed and proposed use cases for 5G communications by the standards development organizations (SDO) and other key players in mobile communication is provided. Thirdly, we went ahead to propose spectrum bands for the deployment of the various use cases based on the low-, mid-, and high-band spectrum and further classified the use cases with respect to their relevance and family, identifying the IMT-2020 test environments and the usage scenarios derived by the 3GPP, fourthly, the channel capacity and the bandwidth of the spectrum was studied, simulated and compared to ascertain the spectrum proposed in this paper for each UC family. Hence, this paper serves as a guideline for understanding the usage scenarios for the future 5G deployment in various environments. This would allow system developers to design and implement 5G channel characterization models specific to the usage scenarios to meet the system requirements.

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Section: G Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

5G Mobile Communication Applications: A Survey and Comparison of Use Cases

et al. 2021

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“…F1-C is responsible for gNB-CU and gNB-DU configuration management, F1 interface setup and operation, error controlling, UE context management functions, etc. The F1-U, on the other hand, handles flow control and user data transfers [14].…”

Section: Figure 2 the Architecture Of Ng-ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Formally Verified Security Scheme for Inter-gNB-DU Handover in 5G Vehicle-to-Everything

et al. 2021

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Cellular technology has evolved over the decades for mobile network operators to accommodate the ever-growing demands of services for connecting Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). The 5G infrastructure facilitates V2X communications, where a small-cell base station operating at ultra-high radio frequency with limited coverage becomes pervasive. These small-cell base stations in 5G-V2X must be strategically deployed near the consumers to realize several use cases. More recently, the architectural split solutions in Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) are introduced, in which the gNB is divided into the distributed unit (gNB-DU) and control unit (gNB-CU). This functional split intends to improve scalability, performance, and network orchestration optimization. In this case, frequent user equipment (UE) handover between gNB-DUs is inevitable. However, the current 5G standard did not consider securing the path between these two entities. Hence, the NG-RAN could likely experience various security threats if the current handover procedure standard is employed without changes. Consequently, this paper introduces potential threats like resource depletion at NG-RAN caused by the useless execution of resource-demanding procedures to complete the transfer of attachment of UE to target gNB-DU. Another is UE being denied from accessing services caused by unsuccessful uplink and downlink synchronization during random access procedure execution, requiring establishing security and mutual authentication between the entities. Motivated by this, we proposed a security protocol composed of two phases, namely initial and handover. While the former phase assists in mutual authentication and key agreement between UE and serving gNB-DU, the latter secures UE's mobility in inter-gNB-DU handover. This protocol aims to preserve the existing quality of service and support essential security requirements, including confidentiality, integrity, mutual authentication, secure key exchange, and perfect forward secrecy. The security requirements are formally verified using BAN logic and Scyther, and the proposed protocol demonstrated lower handover latency than EAP-AKA', AKA, EAP-TLS, and EAP-IKEv2.

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“…The RRH handles only the radio functionalities. As a more recent advance towards the wide spead adoption of virtual RANs, the 3GPP specifications for 5G also support the virtualization of the base stations with the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) architecture [67]. In NG-RAN, the base station functionality can be divided up into three distinct RAN elements, i.e., the Central Unit (CU), Distributed Unit (DU) and Radio Unit (RU).…”

Section: Security Of Virtualized Radio Access Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Security Landscape of Virtual Mobile Networks

et al. 2021

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5G enables the use of different types of services over the same physical infrastructure through the concepts and technologies of virtualization, softwarization, network slicing and cloud computing. Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), using these concepts, provide an opportunity to share the same physical infrastructure among multiple operators. Each MVNO can have own distinct operating and support systems. However, the technologies used to enable such an environment have their own explicit security challenges and solutions. The integrated environment built upon these novel concepts and technologies, thus, will have complex security implications and requirements to be satisfied. In this vain, this article provides an overview of the security challenges and potential solutions for MVNOs.

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NG Radio Access Network (NG-RAN)

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

5G Mobile Communication Applications: A Survey and Comparison of Use Cases

5G Mobile Communication Applications: A Survey and Comparison of Use Cases

A Formally Verified Security Scheme for Inter-gNB-DU Handover in 5G Vehicle-to-Everything

An Overview of the Security Landscape of Virtual Mobile Networks

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