In recent decades, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been extensively employed to investigate the mechanism of transition metal-catalyzed CÀ O activation reactions. These studies provide valuable insights into the structure-reactivity/ selectivity correlations via theoretical simulations and energy profile analysis. Alcohols, a category of molecules that are readily available from biomass and are low cost, represent one of the most extensively studied compounds in organic syn-thesis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the DFT studies conducted since 2017 on the CÀ OH bond activation of alcohols catalyzed by transition metals. Specifically, the activation can be mainly divided into four categories: free radical cleavage, metal insertion, nucleophilic attack, and β-OH elimination. We will also cover some promising strategies and give a perspective regarding future research directions in this field.