“…percents and the sensitivity limitation of the instrument. Nevertheless, Zr seems to migrate into the Ni-SDC anode less than 1 m. Up to now, most of the researchers have suggested that the reaction at the interface between the Ni-CeO 2 based anodes and YSZ electrolyte mainly resulted from the diffusion of the Ce and Sm cations to the YSZ side [26,27]. Therefore, the migration of Zr could be regarded as an uncertain result in the present study, which may be caused by the deviation of the ideal incident angle (90 • ) between the EDS rays and selected interface.…”